GALR3 galanin receptor 3 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: GALR3provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: galanin receptor 3provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:4134
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000128310 MIM:603692; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4134
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Summary: The neuropeptide galanin modulates a variety of physiologic processes including cognition/memory, sensory/pain processing, hormone secretion, and feeding behavior. The human galanin receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that functionally couple to their intracellular effector through distinct signaling pathways. GALR3 is found in many tissues and may be expressed as 1.4-, 2.4-, and 5-kb transcripts [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 22q13.1

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	22	NC_000022.11 (37823382..37825485)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	22	NC_060946.1 (38285004..38287108)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	22	NC_000022.10 (38219389..38221492)

Chromosome 22 - NC_000022.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients.
Title: Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients.
molecular structures that confer ligand selectivity for galanin type II and III receptors
Title: Exploring the molecular structures that confer ligand selectivity for galanin type II and III receptors.
Study showed that galanin receptor 3 is present in endothelial cells in human and murine dermal vessels and is co-expressed with nestin in neo-vessels of psoriatic patients.
Title: Lack of Galanin Receptor 3 Alleviates Psoriasis by Altering Vascularization, Immune Cell Infiltration, and Cytokine Expression.
GAL and its receptor GALR3 are differentially methylated and expressed in brains of major depressive disorder subjects in a region- and sex-specific manner.
Title: Alterations in the neuropeptide galanin system in major depressive disorder involve levels of transcripts, methylation, and peptide.
Data from ligand-receptor interaction studies suggest that human spexin-1 and zebrafish spexin-2 activate galanin receptors GALR2/GALR3 (but not GALR1); thus spexins appear to be natural ligands for human/Xenopus/zebrafish GALR2/GALR3.
Title: Coevolution of the spexin/galanin/kisspeptin family: Spexin activates galanin receptor type II and III.
Variants in genes for galanin (GAL) and its receptors (GALR1, GALR2, GALR3), despite their disparate genomic loci, conferred increased risk of depression and anxiety in people who experienced childhood adversity or recent negative life events.
Title: Brain galanin system genes interact with life stresses in depression-related phenotypes.
The results suggest that GalR3, a receptor for the neuroendocrine peptide galanin, is a potential marker for relapsing pituitary tumors.
Title: Galanin and its three receptors in human pituitary adenoma.
Mutated human GalR3 receptors are tested with competitive binding analysis in vitro, identifying six different sites in GalR3 that determine binding to galanin.
Title: Determining receptor-ligand interaction of human galanin receptor type 3.
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: An approach based on a genome-wide association study reveals candidate loci for narcolepsy.
Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-gene interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Alcoholism is associated with GALR3 but not two other galanin receptor genes.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:482924

GALR3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:480138

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:481265

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables galanin receptor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables galanin receptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables peptide hormone binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables peptide hormone binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in feeding behavior	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in galanin-activated signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in learning or memory	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cilium	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in non-motile cilium	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in synapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: galanin receptor type 3

Names: GAL3-R; GALR-3; galanin receptor, family member 3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_003614.2 → NP_003605.1 galanin receptor type 3

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003605.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AF073799

Consensus CDS

CCDS13958.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O60755, Q53YJ4

Related

ENSP00000249041.2, ENST00000249041.3

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam00001
Location:34 → 291

7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)

cl21561
Location:24 → 162

7tm_4; Olfactory receptor