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TAC1 tachykinin precursor 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 6863, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
TAC1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
tachykinin precursor 1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:11517
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000006128 MIM:162320; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11517
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
NK2; NPK; NKNA; TAC2; Hs.2563
Summary
This gene encodes four products of the tachykinin peptide hormone family, substance P and neurokinin A, as well as the related peptides, neuropeptide K and neuropeptide gamma. These hormones are thought to function as neurotransmitters which interact with nerve receptors and smooth muscle cells. They are known to induce behavioral responses and function as vasodilators and secretagogues. Substance P is an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial and antifungal properties. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]
Expression
Biased expression in brain (RPKM 24.6), spleen (RPKM 12.4) and 6 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See TAC1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
7q21.3
Exon count:
7
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 7 NC_000007.14 (97732086..97740472)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 7 NC_060931.1 (98961638..98970024)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 7 NC_000007.13 (97361398..97369784)

Chromosome 7 - NC_000007.14Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105375416 Neighboring gene AP1S2 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26302 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:97205378-97205956 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:97243215-97243758 Neighboring gene RN7SK pseudogene 104 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr7:97360557-97361756 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:97407865-97408366 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr7:97475873-97476053 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 18386 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:97501601-97502316 Neighboring gene CZ1P-ASNS readthrough Neighboring gene asparagine synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) Neighboring gene small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide C pseudogene 9 Neighboring gene RPS3A pseudogene 29

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Evaluating the role of substance P in the growth of brain tumors. Harford-Wright E, et al. Neuroscience, 2014 Mar 7. PMID 24374326
  2. In vitro substance P-dependent induction of bone marrow cells in common (CD10) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nowicki M, et al. Leuk Res, 2008 Jan. PMID 17588657
  3. Relationship between serum substance P levels and daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Ursavas A, et al. Chest, 2007 May. PMID 17494790
  4. Tachykinin 1 (TAC1) gene SNPs and haplotypes with autism: a case-control study. Marui T, et al. Brain Dev, 2007 Sep. PMID 17376622
  5. Changes of substance P in the crevicular fluid in relation to orthodontic movement preliminary investigation. Levrini L, et al. ScientificWorldJournal, 2013. PMID 23737731, Free PMC Article

See all (234) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Neural Circuitry Involving Substance P in Male Sexual Behavior.
    Title: Neural Circuitry Involving Substance P in Male Sexual Behavior.
  2. The role of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in the pathogenesis of dialysis headache.
    Title: The role of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in the pathogenesis of dialysis headache.
  3. Substance P, NPY, CCK and their receptors in five brain regions in major depressive disorder with transcriptomic analysis of locus coeruleus neurons.
    Title: Substance P, NPY, CCK and their receptors in five brain regions in major depressive disorder with transcriptomic analysis of locus coeruleus neurons.
  4. Deciphering specificity and cross-reactivity in tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptors.
    Title: Deciphering specificity and cross-reactivity in tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptors.
  5. The Role of Substance P Within Traumatic Brain Injury and Implications for Therapy.
    Title: The Role of Substance P Within Traumatic Brain Injury and Implications for Therapy.
  6. Involvement of Substance P (SP) and Its Related NK1 Receptor in Primary Sjogren's Syndrome (pSS) Pathogenesis.
    Title: Involvement of Substance P (SP) and Its Related NK1 Receptor in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) Pathogenesis.
  7. The neuropeptide substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor system and diabetes: From mechanism to therapy.
    Title: The neuropeptide substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor system and diabetes: From mechanism to therapy.
  8. Concentration of substance P in patients with atopic dermatitis with and without past history of treatment.
    Title: Concentration of substance P in patients with atopic dermatitis with and without past history of treatment.
  9. Temporospatial Expression of Neuropeptide Substance P in Dental Pulp Stem Cells During Odontoblastic Differentiation in Vitro and Reparative Dentinogenesis in Vivo.
    Title: Temporospatial Expression of Neuropeptide Substance P in Dental Pulp Stem Cells During Odontoblastic Differentiation in Vitro and Reparative Dentinogenesis in Vivo.
  10. Substance P and Prokineticin-2 are overexpressed in olfactory neurons and play differential roles in persons with persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.
    Title: Substance P and Prokineticin-2 are overexpressed in olfactory neurons and play differential roles in persons with persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (174)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association study identifies a region on chromosome 11q14.3 associated with late rectal bleeding following radiation therapy for prostate cancer.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Polymorphic markers associated with severe oxaliplatin-induced, chronic peripheral neuropathy in colon cancer patients.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Cannabinoid inhibits HIV-1 gp120-induced calcium influx mediated by substance P in human brain micro vascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) PubMed
env Addition of HIV-1 gp120 to monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) enhances substance P (SP) expression; this gp120-induced SP expression is abrogated by pretreating the cells with soluble CD4 PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables neuromedin K receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables receptor ligand activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables substance K receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables substance P receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables substance P receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in antibacterial humoral response IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in antifungal humoral response IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cell-cell signaling TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in detection of abiotic stimulus TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in inflammatory response IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in innate immune response IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in insemination TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in killing of cells of another organism IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of sensory perception of pain IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of sensory perception of pain IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to pain IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to yeast IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in sensory perception of pain IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in tachykinin receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in tachykinin receptor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in axon IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in extracellular space IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in neuronal cell body IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in synapse IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
protachykinin-1
Names
PPT
neurokinin 1
neurokinin 2
neurokinin A
neurokinin alpha
neuromedin L
neuropeptide K
neuropeptide gamma
preprotachykinin
protachykinin
substance K
substance P
tachykinin 2
tachykinin, precursor 1 (substance K, substance P, neurokinin 1, neurokinin 2, neuromedin L, neurokinin alpha, neuropeptide K, neuropeptide gamma)

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_003182.3 → NP_003173.1  protachykinin-1 isoform beta precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003173.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: Transcript variant beta encodes the full-length form of this gene. It encodes hormones substance P, neurokinin A, as well as the neuropeptide K.
    Source sequence(s)
    AF050655, DN992454, U37529
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS5649.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O60600, O60601, P20366, Q00072, Q53GH4, Q549V0, Q549V1, Q549V2, Q6FHM1
    Related
    ENSP00000321106.5, ENST00000319273.10

  2. NM_013996.3 → NP_054702.1  protachykinin-1 isoform alpha precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_054702.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: As compared to the full-length transcript variant beta, variant alpha lacks exon 6, and therefore does not encode neuropeptide K, neurokinin A, or neuropeptide gamma. This transcript does encode the hormone substance P located on exon 3.
    Source sequence(s)
    AF050656, DN992454, U37529
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS5650.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P20366
    Related
    ENSP00000289576.4, ENST00000350485.8

  3. NM_013997.3 → NP_054703.1  protachykinin-1 isoform gamma precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_054703.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: As compared to the full-length transcript variant beta, variant gamma lacks exon 4, and therefore does not encode neuropeptide K. This transcript does encode substance P, neurokinin A, and is the only variant that encodes neuropeptide gamma.
    Source sequence(s)
    AF050657, DN992454, U37529
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS5651.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P20366
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q9Y494
    Related
    ENSP00000289574.4, ENST00000346867.4

  4. NM_013998.3 → NP_054704.1  protachykinin-1 isoform delta precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_054704.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: As compared to the full-length transcript variant beta, variant delta lacks both exons 4 and 6; therefore, it does not encode neurokinin A, neuropeptide K, or neuropeptide gamma. It does encode the hormone substance P located on exon 3.
    Source sequence(s)
    AF050658, DN992454, U37529
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P20366

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000007.14 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    97732086..97740472
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060931.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    98961638..98970024
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P20366.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P20366

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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