U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

TAS2R38 taste 2 receptor member 38 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5726, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
TAS2R38provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
taste 2 receptor member 38provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:9584
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000257138 MIM:607751; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9584
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PTC; T2R38; T2R61; THIOT
Summary
This gene encodes a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor that controls the ability to taste glucosinolates, a family of bitter-tasting compounds found in plants of the Brassica sp. Synthetic compounds phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) have been identified as ligands for this receptor and have been used to test the genetic diversity of this gene. Although several allelic forms of this gene have been identified worldwide, there are two predominant common forms (taster and non-taster) found outside of Africa. These alleles differ at three nucleotide positions resulting in amino acid changes in the protein (A49P, A262V, and V296I) with the amino acid combination PAV identifying the taster variant (and AVI identifying the non-taster variant). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]
Orthologs
mouse all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
See TAS2R38 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
7q34
Exon count:
1
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 7 NC_000007.14 (141972631..141973773, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 7 NC_060931.1 (143288364..143289506, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 7 NC_000007.13 (141672431..141673573, complement)

Chromosome 7 - NC_000007.14Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901761 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr7:141645256-141646455 Neighboring gene olfactory receptor family 9 subfamily A member 4 Neighboring gene C-type lectin domain containing 5A Neighboring gene OCT4 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:141654062-141654628 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:141695377-141695878 Neighboring gene maltase-glucoamylase Neighboring gene maltase-glucoamylase 2 (putative) Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr7:141895891-141897090

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Genotype-specific regulation of oral innate immunity by T2R38 taste receptor. Gil S, et al. Mol Immunol, 2015 Dec. PMID 26552761, Free PMC Article
  2. T2R38 taste receptor polymorphisms underlie susceptibility to upper respiratory infection. Lee RJ, et al. J Clin Invest, 2012 Nov. PMID 23041624, Free PMC Article
  3. Genetics of the taste receptor T2R38 correlates with chronic rhinosinusitis necessitating surgical intervention. Adappa ND, et al. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol, 2013 Mar. PMID 23322450
  4. A case study on the association of variation of bitter-taste receptor gene TAS2R38 with the height, weight and energy intake in Japanese female college students. Inoue H, et al. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 2013. PMID 23535535
  5. Validation of edible taste strips for assessing PROP taste perception. Smutzer G, et al. Chem Senses, 2013 Jul. PMID 23761681, Free PMC Article

See all (147) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Impact of TAS2R38 polymorphisms on nasal nitric oxide and Pseudomonas infections in primary ciliary dyskinesia: relation to genotype.
    Title: Impact of TAS2R38 polymorphisms on nasal nitric oxide and Pseudomonas infections in primary ciliary dyskinesia: relation to genotype.
  2. TAS2R38 Genotype Does Not Affect SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.
    Title: TAS2R38 Genotype Does Not Affect SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.
  3. TAS2R38 bitterness receptor genetic variation is associated with diet quality in Koreans.
    Title: TAS2R38 bitterness receptor genetic variation is associated with diet quality in Koreans.
  4. Differential Activation of TAS2R4 May Recover Ability to Taste Propylthiouracil for Some TAS2R38 AVI Homozygotes.
    Title: Differential Activation of TAS2R4 May Recover Ability to Taste Propylthiouracil for Some TAS2R38 AVI Homozygotes.
  5. Association of the bitter taste genes TAS2R38 and CA6 and breast cancer risk; a case-control study of Polish women in Poland and Polish immigrants in USA.
    Title: Association of the bitter taste genes TAS2R38 and CA6 and breast cancer risk; a case-control study of Polish women in Poland and Polish immigrants in USA.
  6. Genetic variation in TAS2R38 bitterness receptor is associated with body composition in Korean females.
    Title: Genetic variation in TAS2R38 bitterness receptor is associated with body composition in Korean females.
  7. TAS2R38 haplotypes, COVID-19 infection, and symptomatology: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
    Title: TAS2R38 haplotypes, COVID-19 infection, and symptomatology: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
  8. An Investigation of TAS2R38 Haplotypes, Dietary Intake, and Risk Factors for Chronic Disease in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
    Title: An Investigation of TAS2R38 Haplotypes, Dietary Intake, and Risk Factors for Chronic Disease in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
  9. Analysis of Genetic Polymorphism of Bitter Taste Receptor TAS2R38 and TAS2R46, and Its Relationship with Eating and Drinking Habits in Japanese ToMMo Subjects.
    Title: Analysis of Genetic Polymorphism of Bitter Taste Receptor TAS2R38 and TAS2R46, and Its Relationship with Eating and Drinking Habits in Japanese ToMMo Subjects.
  10. Functional Alteration and Differential Expression of the Bitter Taste Receptor T2R38 in Human Paranasal Sinus in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.
    Title: Functional Alteration and Differential Expression of the Bitter Taste Receptor T2R38 in Human Paranasal Sinus in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (126)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Thiourea tasting
MedGen: C1868397 OMIM: 171200 GeneReviews: Not available
not available

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genetic variants associated with disordered eating.
EBI GWAS Catalog
GWAS of human bitter taste perception identifies new loci and reveals additional complexity of bitter taste genetics.
EBI GWAS Catalog
The perception of quinine taste intensity is associated with common genetic variants in a bitter receptor cluster on chromosome 12.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Pathways from PubChem

Go to the top of the page

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables bitter taste receptor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables bitter taste receptor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in membrane IC
Inferred by Curator
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
taste receptor type 2 member 38
Names
PTC bitter taste receptor
taste receptor type 2 member 61
taste receptor, type 2, member 38

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_016141.2 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5000..6142
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_176817.5 → NP_789787.5  taste receptor type 2 member 38

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC073647
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS34765.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A4D1U6, P59533, P59552, Q2M3E8, Q645W3, Q86UK3
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    I0CKB5, Q86UK4
    Related
    ENSP00000448219.1, ENST00000547270.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15025
    Location:16 → 309
    7tm_TAS2R38; mammalian taste receptor 2, subtype 38, member of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000007.14 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    141972631..141973773 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060931.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    143288364..143289506 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P59533.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P59533

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Other Literature Sources
Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous