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PLA2G4A phospholipase A2 group IVA [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5321, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PLA2G4Aprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
phospholipase A2 group IVAprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:9035
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000116711 MIM:600522; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9035
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
GURDP; cPLA2; PLA2G4; cPLA2-alpha
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid which is subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. The hydrolysis reaction also produces lysophospholipids that are converted into platelet-activating factor. The enzyme is activated by increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels and phosphorylation, resulting in its translocation from the cytosol and nucleus to perinuclear membrane vesicles. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in urinary bladder (RPKM 6.0), adrenal (RPKM 5.6) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See PLA2G4A in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
1q31.1
Exon count:
19
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (186828949..186988981)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (186183301..186343553)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (186798081..186958113)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:186646706-186647905 Neighboring gene PTGS2 antisense NFKB1 complex-mediated expression regulator RNA Neighboring gene prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1649 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak520 silencer Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:186954018-186954519 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:187016203-187016870 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2252 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2251 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1036 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105371655 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak523 silencer Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak525 silencer Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:187366310-187367033 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak527 silencer Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 13721 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1037

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. PLA2G4A and ACHE modulate lipid profiles via glycerophospholipid metabolism in platinum-resistant gastric cancer.
    Title: PLA2G4A and ACHE modulate lipid profiles via glycerophospholipid metabolism in platinum-resistant gastric cancer.
  2. The ERK-cPLA2-ACSL4 axis mediating M2 macrophages ferroptosis impedes mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis.
    Title: The ERK-cPLA2-ACSL4 axis mediating M2 macrophages ferroptosis impedes mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis.
  3. Association between PLA2G4A and P2RX7 genes and eosinophilic phenotype and environment with pediatric asthma.
    Title: Association between PLA2G4A and P2RX7 genes and eosinophilic phenotype and environment with pediatric asthma.
  4. Calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation is implicated in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress associated with ApoE4.
    Title: Calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A(2) activation is implicated in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress associated with ApoE4.
  5. Genetic polymorphism data support a relationship between schizophrenia and microsatellite variability in PLA2G4A in Northern Europeans not Han Chinese.
    Title: Genetic polymorphism data support a relationship between schizophrenia and microsatellite variability in PLA2G4A in Northern Europeans not Han Chinese.
  6. Omega-3 versus Omega-6 fatty acid availability is controlled by hydrophobic site geometries of phospholipase A2s.
    Title: Omega-3 versus Omega-6 fatty acid availability is controlled by hydrophobic site geometries of phospholipase A(2)s.
  7. A synergy between mechanosensitive calcium- and membrane-binding mediates tension-sensing by C2-like domains.
    Title: A synergy between mechanosensitive calcium- and membrane-binding mediates tension-sensing by C2-like domains.
  8. PLA2G4A promotes right-sided colorectal cancer progression by inducing CD39+gammadelta Treg polarization.
    Title: PLA2G4A promotes right-sided colorectal cancer progression by inducing CD39+γδ Treg polarization.
  9. Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2alpha Induces Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cells.
    Title: Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α Induces Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cells.
  10. Protein dynamics analysis identifies candidate cancer driver genes and mutations in TCGA data.
    Title: Protein dynamics analysis identifies candidate cancer driver genes and mutations in TCGA data.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (161)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Cytosolic phospholipase-A2 alpha deficiency associated bleeding disorder
MedGen: C5567651 OMIM: 618372 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association analysis of genetic generalized epilepsies implicates susceptibility loci at 1q43, 2p16.1, 2q22.3 and 17q21.32
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association scan identifies a prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 variant involved in risk of knee osteoarthritis.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 gp120 causes an activation of phospholipase A2, resulting in the increased release of arachidonic acid, which may sensitize the NMDA receptor PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120 induces a specific phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation in lymphocytes through binding to CD4, but this effect is not sufficient to accomplish virus/cell fusion PubMed
Tat tat Microarray analysis indicates HIV-1 Tat-induced upregulation of phospholipase A2, group IVA (PLA2G4A) in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC126350

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables O-acyltransferase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables calcium ion binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables calcium ion binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables calcium-dependent phospholipid binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables calcium-dependent phospholipid binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables ceramide 1-phosphate binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables lysophospholipase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables phospholipase A2 activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables phospholipase A2 activity NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in arachidonate metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in arachidonate metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in arachidonate secretion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to antibiotic IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in establishment of localization in cell IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in glycerol metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in glycerophospholipid catabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in icosanoid metabolic process NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in leukotriene biosynthetic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in monoacylglycerol biosynthetic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in phosphatidylcholine acyl-chain remodeling IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in phosphatidylcholine catabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in phosphatidylglycerol catabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in platelet activating factor biosynthetic process NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage activation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of platelet activation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in prostaglandin biosynthetic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in prostaglandin biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in prostaglandin biosynthetic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in Golgi apparatus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in Golgi membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in cytosol IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in cytosol NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in nuclear envelope IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
cytosolic phospholipase A2
Names
calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein
lysophospholipase
phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase
phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent)
NP_001298122.2
NP_077734.2
XP_005245324.2
XP_011507944.1
XP_047278555.1
XP_054193055.1
XP_054193056.1
XP_054193057.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_012203.2 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5050..165082
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_596

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001311193.2 → NP_001298122.2  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks two in-frame exons in the central coding region compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2, which is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL022147, AL049797
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DZI4
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd07200
    Location:114 → 670
    cPLA2_Grp-IVA; Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2; catalytic domain; Ca-dependent
    cd04036
    Location:20 → 129
    C2_cPLA2; C2 domain present in cytosolic PhosphoLipase A2 (cPLA2)

  2. NM_024420.3 → NP_077734.2  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049797, BC114340, BX118890, DA451491, M72393
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1372.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B1AKG4, P47712, Q29R80
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K2S1
    Related
    ENSP00000356436.3, ENST00000367466.4
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd07200
    Location:144 → 730
    cPLA2_Grp-IVA; Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2; catalytic domain; Ca-dependent
    cd04036
    Location:20 → 138
    C2_cPLA2; C2 domain present in cytosolic PhosphoLipase A2 (cPLA2)

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    186828949..186988981
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011509642.3 → XP_011507944.1  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011507944.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B1AKG4, P47712, Q29R80
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K2S1
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd07200
    Location:144 → 730
    cPLA2_Grp-IVA; Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2; catalytic domain; Ca-dependent
    cd04036
    Location:20 → 138
    C2_cPLA2; C2 domain present in cytosolic PhosphoLipase A2 (cPLA2)

  2. XM_047422599.1 → XP_047278555.1  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X3

  3. XM_005245267.5 → XP_005245324.2  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K2S1

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    186183301..186343553
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054337081.1 → XP_054193056.1  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X2

  2. XM_054337082.1 → XP_054193057.1  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X3

  3. XM_054337080.1 → XP_054193055.1  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X1

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P47712.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P47712

Gene LinkOut

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