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PDYN prodynorphin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5173, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PDYNprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
prodynorphinprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:8820
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000101327 MIM:131340; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8820
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
ADCA; PENKB; SCA23
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to form the secreted opioid peptides beta-neoendorphin, dynorphin, leu-enkephalin, rimorphin, and leumorphin. These peptides are ligands for the kappa-type of opioid receptor. Dynorphin is involved in modulating responses to several psychoactive substances, including cocaine. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]
Expression
Restricted expression toward brain (RPKM 14.6) See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See PDYN in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
20p13
Exon count:
9
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 20 NC_000020.11 (1978756..1994285, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 20 NC_060944.1 (2008889..2024418, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 20 NC_000020.10 (1959402..1974931, complement)

Chromosome 20 - NC_000020.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17460 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904857 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:1856587-1857086 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:1859821-1860322 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC102724545 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:1871108-1871632 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12595 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12596 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:1876698-1877213 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:1880839-1881408 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:1882505-1883004 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12597 Neighboring gene signal regulatory protein alpha Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:1917714-1918268 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:1918269-1918821 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:1920335-1920836 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:1920837-1921336 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:1926175-1926721 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9993 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:1928155-1928702 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 1230 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17462 Neighboring gene PDYN antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:1945208-1945758 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:1974244-1975074 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 7514 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:2075323-2075824 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:2075825-2076324 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L7 pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12598 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12599 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12600 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:2083234-2084202 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124900458 Neighboring gene serine/threonine kinase 35

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. The frequency of spinocerebellar ataxia type 23 in a UK population. Fawcett K, et al. J Neurol, 2013 Mar. PMID 23108490
  2. Association between VNTR polymorphism in promoter region of prodynorphin (PDYN) gene and heroin dependence. Saify K, et al. Psychiatry Res, 2014 Nov 30. PMID 25048760
  3. Polymorphism of Prodynorphin promoter is associated with schizophrenia in Chinese population. Zhang CS, et al. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2004 Aug. PMID 15301734
  4. A genetic polymorphism of the endogenous opioid dynorphin modulates monetary reward anticipation in the corticostriatal loop. Votinov M, et al. PLoS One, 2014. PMID 24587148, Free PMC Article
  5. Mapping of the SCA23 locus involved in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia to chromosome region 20p13-12.3. Verbeek DS, et al. Brain, 2004 Nov. PMID 15306549

See all (107) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Effect of PDYN and OPRK1 polymorphisms on the risk of alcohol use disorder and the intensity of depressive symptoms.
    Title: Effect of PDYN and OPRK1 polymorphisms on the risk of alcohol use disorder and the intensity of depressive symptoms.
  2. Prodynorphin (PDYN) gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with methamphetamine use disorder, changes in PDYN serum levels in withdrawal and the relationship between PDYN, temperament and depression.
    Title: Prodynorphin (PDYN) gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with methamphetamine use disorder, changes in PDYN serum levels in withdrawal and the relationship between PDYN, temperament and depression.
  3. Alpha-neoendorphin can reduce UVB-induced skin photoaging by activating cellular autophagy.
    Title: Alpha-neoendorphin can reduce UVB-induced skin photoaging by activating cellular autophagy.
  4. In this meta-analysis, a significant association was found between rs1022563 prodynorphin gene polymorphism and opioid dependence among Asian populations.
    Title: Association between prodynorphin gene polymorphisms and opioid dependence susceptibility: a meta-analysis.
  5. the functional PDYN 68-bp repeat genotype is associated with the age of first use of heroin in Caucasians diagnosed with opioid dependence
    Title: Association of variants of prodynorphin promoter 68-bp repeats in caucasians with opioid dependence diagnosis: Effect on age trajectory of heroin use.
  6. Our findings demonstrate that PDYN expression in neurons of human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with differential methylation of its promoter.
    Title: Neuronal Expression of Opioid Gene is Controlled by Dual Epigenetic and Transcriptional Mechanism in Human Brain.
  7. PDYN and OPRK1 showed transcriptionally coordinated pattern that was significantly different between alcoholics and controls.
    Title: Dynorphin and κ-Opioid Receptor Dysregulation in the Dopaminergic Reward System of Human Alcoholics.
  8. Absolute expression levels of PDYN were lower compared to those of OPRK1, suggesting that PDYN expression is a limiting factor in the DYN/KOR signaling, and that the PDYN downregulation diminishes efficacy of DYN/KOR signaling in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of human alcoholics.
    Title: Downregulation of the neuronal opioid gene expression concomitantly with neuronal decline in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of human alcoholics.
  9. Study investigated transcriptional regulation of Bipolar Disorder (BD) selected target genes by DNA methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with BD type I (BD-I) and type II (BD-II). The analysis of gene expression revealed prodynorphin (PDYN) mRNA levels significantly reduced in subjects with BD-II but not in those with BD-I.
    Title: Regulation of gene transcription in bipolar disorders: Role of DNA methylation in the relationship between prodynorphin and brain derived neurotrophic factor.
  10. Genetic and epigenetic factors within PDYN are related to risk for alcoholism.
    Title: Genetic variation and epigenetic modification of the prodynorphin gene in peripheral blood cells in alcoholism.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (72)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 23
MedGen: C1853250 OMIM: 610245 GeneReviews: Hereditary Ataxia Overview
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EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association study of antibody response to smallpox vaccine.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide joint SNP and CNV analysis of aortic root diameter in African Americans: the HyperGEN study.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide SNP associations with rubella-specific cytokine responses in measles-mumps-rubella vaccine recipients.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC26418

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables opioid peptide activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables opioid receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in sensory perception IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in axon terminus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in dendrite IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in neuronal cell body IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in neuronal dense core vesicle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
proenkephalin-B
Names
beta-neoendorphin-dynorphin
leu-enkephalin
leumorphin
neoendorphin-dynorphin-enkephalin prepropeptide
preprodynorphin
preproenkephalin B
rimorphin

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_028027.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5188..20487
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_667

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001190892.1 → NP_001177821.1  proenkephalin-B preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001177821.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has an alternate 5' UTR sequence and encodes the same protein, as compared to variant 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK289618, AL034562, BC026334
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13023.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2YEL0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01160
    Location:21 → 67
    Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

  2. NM_001190898.3 → NP_001177827.1  proenkephalin-B preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001177827.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) has an alternate splice site in the 5' UTR, which results in three nt less than variant 1. Variants 1-5 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL034562, BC026334, DA297229
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13023.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2YEL0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01160
    Location:21 → 67
    Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

  3. NM_001190899.2 → NP_001177828.1  proenkephalin-B preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001177828.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an exon in the 5' UTR and encodes the same protein, as compared to variant 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL034562, BC026334, DA157767, DA178888, DA302375
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13023.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2YEL0
    Related
    ENSP00000440185.1, ENST00000539905.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01160
    Location:21 → 67
    Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

  4. NM_001190900.1 → NP_001177829.1  proenkephalin-B preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001177829.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) has an alternate 5' UTR exon, as compared to variant 1. Variants 1-5 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL034562, BC026334, DA305883
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13023.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2YEL0
    Related
    ENSP00000442259.1, ENST00000540134.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01160
    Location:21 → 67
    Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

  5. NM_024411.5 → NP_077722.1  proenkephalin-B preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_077722.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) and variants 2-5 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL034562, BC026334, DA178888
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13023.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2YEL0
    Related
    ENSP00000217305.2, ENST00000217305.3
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01160
    Location:21 → 67
    Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000020.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    1978756..1994285 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011529249.3 → XP_011527551.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527551.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2YEL0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01160
    Location:21 → 67
    Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

  2. XM_011529247.1 → XP_011527549.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527549.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2YEL0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01160
    Location:21 → 67
    Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

  3. XM_017027878.1 → XP_016883367.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2YEL0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01160
    Location:21 → 67
    Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

  4. XM_011529248.2 → XP_011527550.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527550.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2YEL0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01160
    Location:21 → 67
    Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

  5. XM_011529246.3 → XP_011527548.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527548.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2YEL0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01160
    Location:21 → 67
    Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

  6. XM_011529244.2 → XP_011527546.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527546.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2YEL0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01160
    Location:21 → 67
    Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

  7. XM_011529245.1 → XP_011527547.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527547.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2YEL0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01160
    Location:21 → 67
    Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

  8. XM_011529250.3 → XP_011527552.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527552.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2YEL0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01160
    Location:21 → 67
    Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060944.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    2008889..2024418 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054323505.1 → XP_054179480.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213

  2. XM_054323503.1 → XP_054179478.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213

  3. XM_054323504.1 → XP_054179479.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213

  4. XM_054323501.1 → XP_054179476.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213

  5. XM_054323500.1 → XP_054179475.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213

  6. XM_054323499.1 → XP_054179474.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213

  7. XM_054323502.1 → XP_054179477.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213

  8. XM_054323506.1 → XP_054179481.1  proenkephalin-B isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0Q3, P01213
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P01213.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P01213

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