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Pkm pyruvate kinase M1/2 [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

Gene ID: 25630, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Pkmprovided by RGD
Official Full Name
pyruvate kinase M1/2provided by RGD
Primary source
RGD:3337
See related
EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000011329 AllianceGenome:RGD:3337
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
PROVISIONAL
Organism
Rattus norvegicus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as
PK; Pk3; Pkm2; PKM12
Summary
Enables several functions, including ADP binding activity; pyruvate kinase activity; and thyroid hormone binding activity. Involved in several processes, including protein homotetramerization; pyruvate metabolic process; and response to insulin. Part of pyruvate kinase complex. Biomarker of hypertension. Orthologous to human PKM (pyruvate kinase M1/2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression
Biased expression in Muscle (RPKM 9449.2), Heart (RPKM 2392.1) and 6 other tissues See more
Orthologs
human mouse all
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Genomic context

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See Pkm in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
8q24
Exon count:
16
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1) 8 NC_086026.1 (68949731..68975394)
RS_2023_06 previous assembly mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2) 8 NC_051343.1 (60057629..60079600)
106 previous assembly Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5) 8 NC_005107.4 (64480963..64502957)

Chromosome 8 - NC_086026.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene CUGBP, Elav-like family member 6 Neighboring gene poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 6 Neighboring gene U4 spliceosomal RNA Neighboring gene GRAM domain containing 2A Neighboring gene SUMO peptidase family member, NEDD8 specific

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
  • Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
  • BioProject: PRJNA238328
  • Publication: PMID 24510058
  • Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Biosynthesis of pyruvate kinase isozymes in rat liver. Wu SW, et al. Eur J Biochem, 1981 Dec. PMID 7327170
  2. Alpha-synuclein induces microglial migration via PKM2-dependent glycolysis. Qiao H, et al. Int J Biol Macromol, 2019 May 15. PMID 30738168
  3. Inhibition of pyruvate kinase M2 by reactive oxygen species contributes to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Guo D, et al. J Mol Cell Cardiol, 2016 Feb. PMID 26774701
  4. Up-Regulation of PKM2 Relates to Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis After Light-Induced Retinal Damage in Adult Rats. Yang X, et al. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2015 Nov. PMID 25990228
  5. Pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 expression correlates with survival of cardiomyocytes after allogeneic rat heterotopic heart transplantation. Shi J, et al. Pathol Res Pract, 2015 Jan. PMID 25457184

See all (91) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Nuclear translocation of metabolic enzyme PKM2 participates in high glucose-promoted HCC metastasis by strengthening immunosuppressive environment.
    Title: Nuclear translocation of metabolic enzyme PKM2 participates in high glucose-promoted HCC metastasis by strengthening immunosuppressive environment.
  2. Silencing PKM2 Attenuates Brain Injury Induced by Status Epilepticus by Inhibiting the AKT/mTOR Pathway and the NLRP3 Inflammasome.
    Title: Silencing PKM2 Attenuates Brain Injury Induced by Status Epilepticus by Inhibiting the AKT/mTOR Pathway and the NLRP3 Inflammasome.
  3. Inhibition of Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) by shikonin attenuates isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction via reduction in inflammation, hypoxia, apoptosis, and fibrosis.
    Title: Inhibition of Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) by shikonin attenuates isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction via reduction in inflammation, hypoxia, apoptosis, and fibrosis.
  4. M-type pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) tetramerization alleviates the progression of right ventricle failure by regulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics.
    Title: M-type pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) tetramerization alleviates the progression of right ventricle failure by regulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics.
  5. Pyruvate Kinase M2: A New Biomarker for the Early Detection of Diabetes-Induced Nephropathy.
    Title: Pyruvate Kinase M2: A New Biomarker for the Early Detection of Diabetes-Induced Nephropathy.
  6. Shikonin improves pulmonary vascular remodeling in monocrotalineinduced pulmonary arterial hypertension via regulation of PKM2.
    Title: Shikonin improves pulmonary vascular remodeling in monocrotaline‑induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via regulation of PKM2.
  7. Downregulation of miR-122-5p Activates Glycolysis via PKM2 in Kupffer Cells of Rat and Mouse Models of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis.
    Title: Downregulation of miR-122-5p Activates Glycolysis via PKM2 in Kupffer Cells of Rat and Mouse Models of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis.
  8. Platelet-Derived TGF (Transforming Growth Factor)-beta1 Enhances the Aerobic Glycolysis of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells by PKM2 (Pyruvate Kinase Muscle Isoform 2) Upregulation.
    Title: Platelet-Derived TGF (Transforming Growth Factor)-β1 Enhances the Aerobic Glycolysis of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells by PKM2 (Pyruvate Kinase Muscle Isoform 2) Upregulation.
  9. Bile acids attenuate PKM2 pathway activation in proinflammatory microglia.
    Title: Bile acids attenuate PKM2 pathway activation in proinflammatory microglia.
  10. Hyperpolarized pyruvate to measure the influence of PKM2 activation on glucose metabolism in the healthy kidney.
    Title: Hyperpolarized pyruvate to measure the influence of PKM2 activation on glucose metabolism in the healthy kidney.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (30)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ADP binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
NOT enables histone H3T11 kinase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables histone H3T11 kinase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables identical protein binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables mRNA binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables mRNA binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables magnesium ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables potassium ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein dimerization activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein homodimerization activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables protein tyrosine kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein tyrosine kinase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables pyruvate kinase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables pyruvate kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables pyruvate kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables pyruvate kinase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables thyroid hormone binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables transcription coactivator activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in animal organ regeneration IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in canonical glycolysis ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to insulin stimulus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in glucose metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in glycolytic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in glycolytic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in glycolytic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within glycolytic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in glycolytic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in liver development IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in phosphorylation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of cytoplasmic translation ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of cytoplasmic translation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in programmed cell death ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in protein homotetramerization IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein tetramerization IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in pyruvate biosynthetic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in pyruvate metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to gravity IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to hypoxia IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to insulin IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to muscle inactivity IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to nutrient IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in skeletal muscle tissue regeneration IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cilium ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
is_active_in cytosol ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in cytosol ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
is_active_in nucleus ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in nucleus ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
part_of pyruvate kinase complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in rough endoplasmic reticulum ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in rough endoplasmic reticulum ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
pyruvate kinase PKM
Names
M2 pyruvate kinase
pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2
pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme
pyruvate kinase, muscle
threonine-protein kinase PKM2
tyrosine-protein kinase PKM2
NP_445749.1
XP_006243250.3
XP_006243252.1
XP_063121023.1
XP_063121024.1
XP_063121025.1
XP_063121026.1
XP_063121027.1
XP_063121028.1
XP_063121030.1
XP_063121031.1
XP_063121032.1
XP_063121033.1
XP_063121034.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_053297.2 → NP_445749.1  pyruvate kinase PKM

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_445749.1

    Status: PROVISIONAL

    Source sequence(s)
    X15800
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P11980, P11981
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A8L2Q7B9, A6J531
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00288
    Location:42 → 530
    Pyruvate_Kinase; Pyruvate kinase (PK): Large allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis through binding of the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and one or more allosteric effectors. Like other allosteric enzymes, PK has a high substrate affinity R state and a low ...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

  1. NC_086026.1 Reference GRCr8

    Range
    68949731..68975394
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_006243188.4 → XP_006243250.3  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X7

    Related
    ENSRNOP00000069474.3, ENSRNOT00000083666.3

  2. XM_063264954.1 → XP_063121024.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X2

  3. XM_063264958.1 → XP_063121028.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X6

  4. XM_063264953.1 → XP_063121023.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X1

  5. XM_063264957.1 → XP_063121027.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X5

  6. XM_063264961.1 → XP_063121031.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X10

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P11980, P11981
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A6J531

  7. XM_006243190.4 → XP_006243252.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X8

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A8I6ABE3, A0A8L2Q7B9
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00288
    Location:102 → 590
    Pyruvate_Kinase; Pyruvate kinase (PK): Large allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis through binding of the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and one or more allosteric effectors. Like other allosteric enzymes, PK has a high substrate affinity R state and a low ...
    TIGR01064
    Location:103 → 587
    pyruv_kin; pyruvate kinase

  8. XM_063264960.1 → XP_063121030.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X9

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A8I6G5T6

  9. XM_063264962.1 → XP_063121032.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X10

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P11980, P11981
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A6J531

  10. XM_063264963.1 → XP_063121033.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X11

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A6J532
    Related
    ENSRNOP00000015331.8, ENSRNOT00000015332.9

  11. XM_063264956.1 → XP_063121026.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X4

    Related
    ENSRNOP00000089941.2, ENSRNOT00000118042.2

  12. XM_063264955.1 → XP_063121025.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X3

  13. XM_063264964.1 → XP_063121034.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X12

Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P11980.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P11980

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
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