FGF2 fibroblast growth factor 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: FGF2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: fibroblast growth factor 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:3676
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000138685 MIM:134920; AllianceGenome:HGNC:3676
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: BFGF; FGFB; FGF-2; HBGF-2
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members bind heparin and possess broad mitogenic and angiogenic activities. This protein has been implicated in diverse biological processes, such as limb and nervous system development, wound healing, and tumor growth. The mRNA for this gene contains multiple polyadenylation sites, and is alternatively translated from non-AUG (CUG) and AUG initiation codons, resulting in five different isoforms with distinct properties. The CUG-initiated isoforms are localized in the nucleus and are responsible for the intracrine effect, whereas, the AUG-initiated form is mostly cytosolic and is responsible for the paracrine and autocrine effects of this FGF. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Broad expression in fat (RPKM 17.2), endometrium (RPKM 8.8) and 21 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q28.1

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	4	NC_000004.12 (122826682..122898236)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	4	NC_060928.1 (126130781..126202343)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	4	NC_000004.11 (123747837..123819391)

Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

LNMAC Promotes Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lymphatic Metastasis via Epigenetic Regulation of FGF2-Induced Lymphangiogenesis.
Title: LNMAC Promotes Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lymphatic Metastasis via Epigenetic Regulation of FGF2-Induced Lymphangiogenesis.
Knockdown the moyamoya disease susceptibility gene, RNF213, upregulates the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Title: Knockdown the moyamoya disease susceptibility gene, RNF213, upregulates the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.
miR-129-5p/FGF2 Axis is Associated with Homocysteine-induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Injury.
Title: miR-129-5p/FGF2 Axis is Associated with Homocysteine-induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Injury.
Direct programming of human pluripotent stem cells into endothelial progenitors with SOX17 and FGF2.
Title: Direct programming of human pluripotent stem cells into endothelial progenitors with SOX17 and FGF2.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote gastric cancer cell proliferation by paracrine FGF2-driven ribosome biogenesis.
Title: Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote gastric cancer cell proliferation by paracrine FGF2-driven ribosome biogenesis.
The optimized priming effect of FGF-1 and FGF-2 enhances preadipocyte lineage commitment in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Title: The optimized priming effect of FGF-1 and FGF-2 enhances preadipocyte lineage commitment in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Serum fibroblast growth factor-2 levels complement vital biomarkers for diagnosing heart failure.
Title: Serum fibroblast growth factor-2 levels complement vital biomarkers for diagnosing heart failure.
Assessment of serum levels and placental bed tissue expression of IGF-1, bFGF, and PLGF in patients with placenta previa complicated with placenta accreta spectrum disorders.
Title: Assessment of serum levels and placental bed tissue expression of IGF-1, bFGF, and PLGF in patients with placenta previa complicated with placenta accreta spectrum disorders.
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are possibly involved in corticosteroid resistance in adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia.
Title: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are possibly involved in corticosteroid resistance in adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia.
Angiogenesis related genes in Takayasu Arteritis (TAK): robust association with Tag SNPs of IL-18 and FGF-2 in a South Asian Cohort.
Title: Angiogenesis related genes in Takayasu Arteritis (TAK): robust association with Tag SNPs of IL-18 and FGF-2 in a South Asian Cohort.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (716)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association study identifies two novel genomic regions in irritable bowel syndrome. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	Pre-treatment of endothelial cells with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) protects cells from HIV-1 gp120 angiotoxicity; this protection is regulated by crosstalk among the ERK, PI3K-AKT and PKC signaling pathways	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120-induced apoptosis in cell cultures through binding to CXCR4 involves protein kinase C, basic fibroblast growth factor, caspase-3, and pro-apoptotic molecule Bax	PubMed
Nef	nef	HIV-1 Nef synergizes with IL-6 to upregulate expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and cyclin D1 in NIH3T3-induced tissues	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat increases permeability of human glomerular endothelial cells by activating Rho-A, pMLC, and c-Src pathways, which involves VEGF-A and FGF-2	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat protein, but not HIV-1 Nef and gp120 proteins, competes with FGF-2 for binding to fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1 (FGF-BP1)	PubMed
	tat	The basic domain (49RKKRRQRRR57) of HIV-1 Tat is essential for enhancing the FGF-induced activation of ERK, Rho-A, and MLC2 and upregulates the expression of MMP-9 in human podocytes	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat enhances vIL-6-induced angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of fibroblasts and human endothelial cells, which correlates with upregulation of CD31, CD34, SMA, VEGF, b-FGF, and cyclin D1 expression	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat induces endothelial cells to progress through the G1 phase in response to bFGF, and this process is linked to ERK activation	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat competes with bFGF for binding to Heparin, an effect mediated by the basic region of Tat (amino acids 49-57)	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat inhibits bFGF-induced secretion of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2)	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat synergizes with bFGF to promote Kaposi's sarcoma, endothelial cell growth and locomotion, and secretion of matrix-metalloproteinase-2	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

SHGC-105784 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:169481

Fgf2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:464707

SHGC-59517 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:24667

SHGC-67307 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:89991

SHGC-59784 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:12969

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:481492

SHGC-31504 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:48341

D15S1390 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:474340

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:482299

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables H3K9me3 modified histone binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables chemoattractant activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables chemokine binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables cytokine activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables fibroblast growth factor receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables fibroblast growth factor receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables growth factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables heparin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables integrin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables nuclear receptor coactivator activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables receptor-receptor interaction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in Ras protein signal transduction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
involved_in angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in animal organ morphogenesis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in behavioral response to ethanol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in canonical Wnt signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to mechanical stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in chemotaxis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
involved_in chondroblast differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in embryonic morphogenesis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in endothelial cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in glial cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in growth factor dependent regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in hyaluronan catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in lung development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in lymphatic endothelial cell migration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of fibroblast migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of gene expression	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of stem cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of wound healing	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in nervous system development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in neuroblast proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in neurogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in organ induction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in osteoblast differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in paracrine signaling	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive chemotaxis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of cell fate specification	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial tube formation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of miRNA transcription	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of stem cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of stem cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of angiogenesis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell cycle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of cell migration	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to axon injury	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in signal transduction	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in stem cell development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in stem cell proliferation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in substantia nigra development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in wound healing	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in wound healing	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: fibroblast growth factor 2

Names: basic fibroblast growth factor bFGF; fibroblast growth factor 2 (basic); heparin-binding growth factor 2; prostatropin

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_029067.2 RefSeqGene

Range

5124..76529

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_1185

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001361665.2 → NP_001348594.1 fibroblast growth factor 2 isoform 18 kDa

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1b) may encode multiple distinct isoforms through the use of alternative translation start codons (PMID: 17131363). This record represents use of the most conserved AUG start codon and encodes the shortest (18-kDa) isoform.

Source sequence(s)

AA256481, AC021205, AI276765, BP292299, BU501243, CN315083, J04513, M27968

Consensus CDS

CCDS93618.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

D9ZGF5

Related

ENSP00000494222.1, ENST00000644866.2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00167
Location:29 → 149

FGF; Fibroblast growth factor
NM_002006.6 → NP_001997.5 fibroblast growth factor 2 isoform 34 kDa

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001997.5

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1a) may encode multiple distinct isoforms through the use of alternative translation start codons (PMID: 17131363). This record represents use of the 5' most non-AUG start codon and encodes the longest (34-kDa) isoform.

Source sequence(s)

AC021205

Consensus CDS

CCDS34059.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A4LBB8, O00527, P09038, P78443, Q16443, Q5PY50, Q7KZ11, Q7KZ72, Q9UC54, Q9UCS5, Q9UCS6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0A0MQV6

Related

ENSP00000264498.4, ENST00000264498.9

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00167
Location:161 → 282

FGF; Fibroblast growth factor