ClinVar Genomic variation as it relates to human health

This variant was observed as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (where applicable). Publications were found based on this search. The evidence from the literature, in combination with allele frequency data from public databases where available, was sufficient to determine this variant is unlikely to cause disease. Therefore, this variant is classified as likely benign.

This variant was observed as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (where applicable). Publications were found based on this search. The evidence from the literature, in combination with allele frequency data from public databases where available, was sufficient to determine this variant is unlikely to cause disease. Therefore, this variant is classified as likely benign.

This variant was classified as: Uncertain significance. The available evidence on this variant's pathogenicity is insufficient or conflicting. The following ACMG criteria were applied in classifying this variant: BS1.

Variant summary: The KCNE2 c.170T>C (p.Ile57Thr) variant involves the alteration of a conserved nucleotide, resulting in a missense change of Ile57 which is located in a predicted transmembrane domain. 5/5 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant, and functional studies indicate that this variant compromises function: 1) I57T-hMiRP1 diminished potassium flux through MiRP1/HERG channel complexes (Abbott_Cell_1999), 2) KCNE2-I57T decreased the rate of activation of the KCNQ1 current, abolished the hump of the tail currents upon repolarization, accelerated the deactivation process (127ms vs 552ms for WT), and shifted the voltage dependency of the channel activation towards more depolarized potentials (Tinel_EMBO_200), and 3) KCNQ2+KCNE2-I57T had a significantly increased (227ms vs 156ms for WT) time constant of deactivation (no significant change in time constant of activation), while KCNQ2+KCNQ3+KCNE2-I57T significantly decreased (68.0ms vs 99.5ms for WT) the time constant of activation (no significant change in time constant of deactivation; Tinel_FEBS_2000). However the variant 1) did not reduce mean current density of hMiRP1-Kv2.1 channels, 2) had no significant effect on V1/2 activation (McCrossan_J Membr Biol_2009), and 3) had the same sensitivity to oxatomide as wild type, thus the variant did not alter sensitivity to drug inhibition (Sesti_PNAS_2000). Furthermore, it has not been established if these quantitative and qualitative functional observations are sufficient to induce arrhythmia in the absence of other precipitating factors; therefore, this variant may only be a risk allele. This variant was found in 107/125050 control chromosomes (including one homozygote) including ExAC at a frequency of 0.0008557, which is approximately 128 times the estimated maximal expected allele frequency of a pathogenic KCNE2 variant (0.0000067), suggesting this variant is likely a benign polymorphism.This variant has been reported in many patients with LQTS and two reports of patients with drug induced LQTS, but majority of reports in the literature do not provide co-segregation data. This variant was found to in one neonate with mild LQTS and his two relatives (including mother) in one family, however clinical data was only provided for the proband that had a QT interval of 462ms as a newborn, but had normal QTc at follow-up (Schwartz_Circ_2009). The variant was reported in a patient with LQTS and neonatal seizures who also carried another pathogenic variant SCN5A R1623Q and the unaffected father, brother, and sister did not carry this KCNE2 c.170T>C variant, suggesting that this variant was not causative in this family (Heron_Epilepsia_2010). In another family with 5 affected WolffParkinsonWhite (WPW) syndrome, this variant was found in only 2 affected and also in 4 unaffected family members; a pathogenic MYH6 variant was found to co-segregate with disease in this family as well, thus suggesting that KCNE2 c.170T>C was not causative in this family (Bowels_AJMG_2015). In addition, two patients with primary electrical disease also carried another VUS, ANK2 p.His931Gln and CACNB2 p.Ala340Thr, respectively (Proost_2017). The variant is reported with conflicting classifications from multiple clinical diagnostic laboratories or databases, with the most recent reports being VUS and likely benign (2016). Recently, this variant was observed in six homozygotes who did not express phenotype from Saudi Human Genome Program (Abouelhoda_GenomeBiology_2016). Taken together, this the variant was classified as likely benign.

This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 22378279, 10219239, 24796621, 24144883, 24055113, 25637381, 19841298, 20042375, 16922724, 19716085, 23382499, 10984545, 25696450, 19863579, 26159999, 24606995, 23098067, 19862833, 11101505, 11034315, 28341588, 27595200, 27884173, 29672598, 29032884, 28794082, 30986657, 31019283, 31320904, 31737537, 30847666)

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity.

This variant is classified as likely benign based on ACMG/AMP sequence variant interpretation guidelines (Richards et al. 2015 PMID: 25741868, with internal and published modifications).

This variant has been reported in the following publications (PMID:10219239;PMID:10984545;PMID:14760488;PMID:16922724;PMID:19716085;PMID:20042375;PMID:22378279).