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Excerpt
Fifteen years ago, the drive to study retroviruses was rooted principally in the traditional goal of using animal models to understand human cancer. The historical importance of retroviruses in the discovery of cancer genes is now widely appreciated, but many of the recent spectacular revelations about the molecular basis of cancer have occurred in other venues—such as human genetics, cell signaling, and developmental biology—rather than virology. Instead, the central goals of retrovirology today are the treatment and the prevention of AIDS and the use of retroviruses as gene delivery devices. These goals have only intensified the need to further dissect viral particles and genomes, understand their modes of replication, and describe host responses to infection. Such efforts have focused on structural properties of viral proteins and their assembly; host receptors for retroviruses and their interactions with envelope proteins; the mechanism of proviral integration; the regulation of viral gene expression; and various aspects of pathogenesis and the immune response to retroviral infection.
Not surprisingly, recent efforts to examine these issues have focused largely on the HIVs and the retroviruses most commonly used to create vectors, the murine leukemia viruses (MLVs). It is our contention, and an assumption on which this book is built, that a full understanding of any single retrovirus depends on an appreciation of the common properties of retroviruses as a class, as well as the unique features of each type.
Contents
- Homage to Howard Temin
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Contributors
- Historical Introduction to the General Properties of RetrovirusesPK Vogt.
- Retroviral Virions and GenomesVM Vogt.
- Viral Entry and ReceptorsE Hunter.
- Reverse Transcriptase and the Generation of Retroviral DNAA Telesnitsky and SP Goff.
- IntegrationPO Brown.
- Synthesis and Processing of Viral RNAAB Rabson and BJ Graves.
- Synthesis, Assembly, and Processing of Viral ProteinsR Swanstrom and JW Wills.
- Overview of Retroviral Assembly
- Synthesis of Gag and Gag-Pro-Pol Proteins
- Synthesis and Organization of Env Glycoproteins
- Principles of Particle Assembly
- Viral RNA Packaging
- Incorporation of Env into the Viral Particle
- The Retroviral Protease
- Maturation of Viral Particles
- Accessory Proteins and Assembly
- Summary
- References
- The Interactions of Retroviruses and their HostsJM Coffin, SH Hughes, and HE Varmus.
- Retroviral “Lifestyles”: Simple versus Complex
- Retroviruses and their Interactions with the Host Cell
- Replication, Differentiation, and the Cell Cycle
- Effect of Infection on Cell Division and Differentiation
- Retroviruses and their Interactions with Multicellular Hosts
- Immune Response to Retroviral Infection
- Retroviruses as Agents of Genetic Change
- Conclusion
- Retrotransposons, Endogenous Retroviruses, and the Evolution of RetroelementsJD Boeke and JP Stoye.
- Development and Applications of Retroviral VectorsAD Miller.
- Retroviral PathogenesisN Rosenberg and P Jolicoeur.
- Pathogenesis of HIV and SIVAS Fauci and RC Desrosiers.
- Etiologic Agents
- Cellular Targets of Infection
- Course of Infection with HIV and SIV
- Immunopathogenic Mechanisms of HIV Infection
- Role of Lymphoid Organs in Immunopathogenesis
- Pathogenesis of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Other Opportunistic Neoplasms
- Tissue-Specific Disease and Organ System Failure
- Immune Responses to HIV and SIV
- Conclusions
- References
- Immunological and Pharmacological Approaches to the Control of Retroviral InfectionsEA Emini and HY Fan.
- Appendixes
- NLM CatalogRelated NLM Catalog Entries
- Review Retroviral Virions and Genomes.[Retroviruses. 1997]Review Retroviral Virions and Genomes.Vogt VM. Retroviruses. 1997
- Review Retroviruses.[Science. 1988]Review Retroviruses.Varmus H. Science. 1988 Jun 10; 240(4858):1427-35.
- Review Interactions between Retroviruses and the Host Cell Genome.[Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2018]Review Interactions between Retroviruses and the Host Cell Genome.Poletti V, Mavilio F. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2018 Mar 16; 8:31-41. Epub 2017 Oct 5.
- Review Effects of cell cycle status on early events in retroviral replication.[J Cell Biochem. 2005]Review Effects of cell cycle status on early events in retroviral replication.Katz RA, Greger JG, Skalka AM. J Cell Biochem. 2005 Apr 1; 94(5):880-9.
- Pan-vertebrate comparative genomics unmasks retrovirus macroevolution.[Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015]Pan-vertebrate comparative genomics unmasks retrovirus macroevolution.Hayward A, Cornwallis CK, Jern P. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Jan 13; 112(2):464-9. Epub 2014 Dec 22.
- RetrovirusesRetroviruses
- disease rep3disease rep3biosample
- Rattus norvegicus chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 7 (Clcn7), mRNARattus norvegicus chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 7 (Clcn7), mRNAgi|13928769|ref|NM_031568.1|Nucleotide
- transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 [Rattus norvegi...transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 [Rattus norvegicus]gi|13027424|ref|NP_076460.1|Protein
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