U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Detoxification and Substance Abuse Treatment [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2006. (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 45.)

Cover of Detoxification and Substance Abuse Treatment

Detoxification and Substance Abuse Treatment [Internet].

Show details

Appendix A: Bibliography

  1. Abbott, P.J.Traditional and Western healing practices for alcoholism in American Indians and Alaska Natives. Substance Use and Misuse33(13):2605–2646, 1998. [PubMed: 9818991]
  2. Abbott, P.J., Quinn, D., and Knox, L.Ambulatory medical detoxification for alcohol. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse21(4):549–563, 1995. [PubMed: 8561102]
  3. Abbott, P.J., Weller, S.B., Delaney, H.D., and Moore, B.A.Community reinforcement approach in the treatment of opiate addicts. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse24(1):17–30, 1998. [PubMed: 9513627]
  4. Adams, J.B., and Wacher, A.Specific changes in the glycoprotein components of seromucoid in pregnancy. Clinica Chimica Acta: International Journal of Clinical Chemistry21(1):155–157, 1968. [PubMed: 5658947]
  5. Addolorato, G., Balducci, G., Capristo, E., Attilia, M.L., Taggi, F., Gasbarrini, G., and Ceccanti, M.Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: A randomized comparative study versus benzodiazepine. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research23(10):1596–1604, 1999a. [PubMed: 10549990]
  6. Addolorato, G., Capristo, E., Gessa, G.L., Caputo, F., Stefanini, G.F., and Gasbarrini, G.Long-term administration of GHB does not affect muscular mass in alcoholics. Life Sciences65(14):PL191–PL196, 1999b. [PubMed: 10530806]
  7. Addolorato, G., Caputo, F., Capristo, E., Janiri, L., Bernardi, M., Agabio, R., Colombo, G., Gessa, G.L., and Gasbarrini, G.Rapid suppression of alcohol withdrawal syndrome by baclofen. American Journal of Medicine112(3):226–229, 2002. [PubMed: 11893350]
  8. Administration for Children and Families. SSBG 2002: Helping States Serve the Needs of America's Families, Adults, and Children. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2002.
  9. Ahijevych, K.Nicotine Metabolism Variability and Nicotine Addiction. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, 1998.
  10. Ahmed, S., Chadwick, D., and Walker, R.J.The management of alcohol-related seizures: An overview. Hospital Medicine61(11):793–796, 2000. [PubMed: 11198750]
  11. Alan Guttmacher Institute. Substance Abuse During Pregnancy. State Policies in Brief. New York: Guttmacher Institute, 6-1-2002.
  12. Alen, M.Androgenic steroid effects on liver and red cells. British Journal of Sports Medicine19(1):15–20, 1985. [PMC free article: PMC1478211] [PubMed: 3995222]
  13. Allen, K., and Dixon, M.Psychometric assessment of the Allen Barriers to Treatment Instrument. International Journal of the Addictions29(5):545–563, 1994. [PubMed: 8034371]
  14. Allhoff, T., Renzing-Kohler, K., Scherbaum, N., Sack, S., and Kienbaum, P.Electrocardiographic abnormalities during recovery from ultra-short opiate detoxification. Addiction Biology4(3):337–344, 1999. [PubMed: 20575801]
  15. Alling, F.A.Detoxification and treatment of acute sequelae. In: Lowinson, J.H., Ruiz, P., and Millman, R.B., eds. Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1992. pp. 402–415.
  16. Altarriba, J., and Bauer, L.M.Counseling the Hispanic client: Cuban Americans, Mexican Americans, and Puerto Ricans. Journal of Counseling and Development76(4):389–396, 1998.
  17. Alterman, A.I., Erdlen, F.R., and Murphy, E.Alcohol abuse in the psychiatric hospital population. Addictive Behaviors6(1):69–73, 1981. [PubMed: 7257920]
  18. Altura, B.M.Introduction to the symposium and overview. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research10:557–559, 1986.
  19. Amass, L., Ling, W., Freese, T.E., Reiber, C., Annon, J.J., Cohen, A.J., McCarty, D., Reid, M.S., Brown, L.S.Jr., Clark, C., Ziedonis, D.M., Krejci, J., Stine, S., Winhusen, T., Brigham, G., Babcock, D., Muir, J.A., Buchan, B.J., and Horton, T.Bringing buprenorphine-naloxone detoxification to community treatment providers: The NIDA clinical trials network field experience. American Journal on Addictions13(Suppl1):S42–S66, 2004. [PMC free article: PMC1255908] [PubMed: 15204675]
  20. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics108(3):776–789, 2001. [PubMed: 8265310]
  21. American Diabetes Association. Nutrition principles and recommendations in diabetes. Diabetes Care27(Suppl 1):536–546, 2004. [PubMed: 14693924]
  22. American Medical Association. Drug Dependencies as Diseases. Policy Finder. H-95.983. Chicago: American Medical Association, 2002.
  23. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed.Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
  24. American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with nicotine dependence. American Journal of Psychiatry153(10):1–31, 1996. [PubMed: 8831466]
  25. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed.Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
  26. American Psychiatric Association Task Force on Benzodiazepine Dependency. Benzodiazepine Dependence, Toxicity, and Abuse. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1990.
  27. American Society of Addiction Medicine. Patient Placement Criteria for the Treatment of Substance-Related Disorders: ASAM PPC-2. 2d ed.Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 1996.
  28. American Society of Addiction Medicine. Patient Placement Criteria for the Treatment of Substance-Related Disorders: ASAM PPC-2R. 2d ed.Revised. Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2001.
  29. Anderson, C.B., and Wetter, D.W.Behavioral and pharmacologic approaches to smoking cessation. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews16(3-4):393–404, 1997. [PubMed: 9433647]
  30. Anderson, D.J.Delivery of essential services to alcoholics through the “continuum of care.”Cancer Research39(7 pt 2): 2855–2858, 1979. [PubMed: 221109]
  31. Anderson, D.W., Bowland, B.J., Cartwright, W.S., and Bassin, G.Service-level costing of drug abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment15(3):201–211, 1998. [PubMed: 9633032]
  32. Anderson, F., and Kiefer, F.Depressive mood and craving during alcohol withdrawal: Association and interaction. German Journal of Psychiatry7(2):6–11, 2004.
  33. Anderson, F., Paluzzi, P., Lee, J., Huggins, G., and Huggins, G.Illicit use of clonidine in opiate-abusing pregnant women. Obstetrics and Gynecology90(5):790–794, 1997a. [PubMed: 9351766]
  34. Anderson, M., Elk, R., and Anderes, R.L.Social, ethical and practical aspects of perinatal substance use. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment14(5):481–486, 1997b. [PubMed: 9437618]
  35. Andrulis, D., and Hopkins, S.Public hospitals and substance abuse services for pregnant women and mothers: Implications for managed-care programs and Medicaid. Journal of Urban Health78(1):181–198, 2001. [PMC free article: PMC3456190] [PubMed: 11368197]
  36. Angres, D.H., and Easton, M.Treatment management for acute and continuing care. In: Smith, D.E., and Easton, M., eds. Manual of Therapeutics for Addictions. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1997. pp. 269–284.
  37. Anton, R.F.What is craving?: Models and implications for treatment. Alcohol Research and Health23(3):165–173, 1999. [PMC free article: PMC6760371] [PubMed: 10890811]
  38. Anton, R.F.Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin for detection and monitoring of sustained heavy drinking. What have we learned? Where do we go from here?Alcohol25(3):185–188, 2001. [PubMed: 11839464]
  39. Anton, R.F., Kranzler, H.R., McEvoy, J.P., Moak, D.H., and Bianca, R.A double-blind comparison of abecarnil and diazepam in the treatment of uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal. Psychopharmacology131:123–129, 1997. [PubMed: 9201799]
  40. Apte, M.V., Wilson, J.S., and Korsten, M.A.Alcohol-related pancreatic damage: Mechanisms and treatment. Alcohol Health and Research World21(1):13–20, 1997. [PMC free article: PMC6826792] [PubMed: 15706759]
  41. Aragon, T., and Sande, M.A.Infective endocarditis. In: Stein, J.H., ed. Internal Medicine. 4th ed.St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1994. pp. 189–202.
  42. Arfken, C.L., Klein, C., di Menza, S., and Schuster, C.R.Gender differences in problem severity at assessment and treatment retention. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment20(1):53–57, 2001. [PubMed: 11239728]
  43. Argyropoulos, S.V., and Nutt, D.J.The use of benzodiazepines in anxiety and other disorders. European Neuropsychopharmacology9(Suppl 6): S407–S412, 1999. [PubMed: 10622687]
  44. Armenian, S.H., Chutuape, M.A., and Stitzer, M.L.Predictors of discharges against medical advice from a short-term hospital detoxification unit. Drug and Alcohol Dependence56(1):1–8, 1999. [PubMed: 10462086]
  45. Ashton, C.H. Benzodiazepine abuse. Drugs and Dependence, 197–212. New York: Harwood Academic Publishers, 2002.
  46. Asociacion Mixta Progresista v. H.E.W. Civil Number C72882 (N.D. Cal. 1976), 1976.
  47. Aszalos, R., McDuff, D.R., Weintraub, E., Montoya, I., and Schwartz, R.Engaging hospitalized heroin-dependent patients into substance abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment17(1–2):149–158, 1999. [PubMed: 10435263]
  48. Atkinson, R.M.Alcohol problems of the elderly. Alcohol and Alcoholism22(4):415–417, 1987. [PubMed: 3322312]
  49. Atkinson, R.M.Aging and alcohol use disorders: Diagnostic issues in the elderly. International Psychogeriatrics2(1):55–72, 1990. [PubMed: 2101298]
  50. Atkinson, R.M., Ganzini, L., and Bernstein, M.J.Alcohol and substance use disorders in the elderly. In: Birren, J.E., Sloane, R.B., and Cohen, G.D., eds. Handbook of Mental Health and Aging. 2d ed.San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1992. pp. 515–555.
  51. Atkinson, R.M., Ryan, S.C., and Turner, J.A.Variation among aging alcoholic patients in treatment. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry9(3):275–282, 2001. [PubMed: 11481136]
  52. Avants, S.K., Margolin, A., Holford, T.R., and Kosten, T.R.A randomized controlled trial of auricular acupuncture for cocaine dependence. Archives of Internal Medicine160(15):2305–2312, 2000. [PubMed: 10927727]
  53. Avants, S.K., Margolin, A., Kosten, T.R., Rounsaville, B.J., and Schottenfeld, R.S.When is less treatment better? The role of social anxiety in matching methadone patients to psychosocial treatments. Journal of Consulting and ClinicalPsychology66(6):924–931, 1998. [PubMed: 9874905]
  54. Aviram, R.B., Rhum, M., and Levin, F.R.Psychotherapy of adults with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and psychoactive substance use disorder. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research10(3):179–186, 2001. [PMC free article: PMC3330647] [PubMed: 11402081]
  55. Ballenger, J.C., and Post, R.M.Kindling as a model for alcohol withdrawal syndromes. British Journal of Psychiatry133(1):1–14, 1978. [PubMed: 352467]
  56. Balster, R.L.The pharmacology of inhalants. In: Graham, A.W., Schultz, T.K., Mayo-Smith, M.F., Ries, R.K., and Wilford, B.B., eds. Principles of Addiction Medicine. 3d ed.Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2003. pp. 295–304.
  57. Banys, P., Clark, H.W., Tusel, D.J., Sees, K., Stewart, P., Mongan, L., Delucchi, K., and Callaway, E.An open trial of low dose buprenorphine in treating methadone withdrawal. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment11(1):9–15, 1994. [PubMed: 8201637]
  58. Barclay, D.M.Tuberculosis in the homeless. Archives of Family Medicine4(6):541–546, 1995. [PubMed: 7773431]
  59. Bates, J.H., and Stead, W.W.The history of tuberculosis as a global epidemic. Medical Clinics of North America77(6):1205–1217, 1993. [PubMed: 8231408]
  60. Beck, A.J., Karberg, J.C., and Harrison, P.M.Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2001. NCJ 191702. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2002.
  61. Becker, A.B., Strain, E.C., Bigelow, G.E., Stitzer, M.L., and Johnson, R.E.Gradual dose taper following chronic buprenorphine. American Journal on Addictions10(2):111–121, 2001. [PubMed: 11444154]
  62. Becker, K.L., and Walton-Moss, B.Detecting and addressing alcohol abuse in women. Nurse Practitioner26(10):13–16, 19–23; quiz 24–25, 2001. [PubMed: 11688236]
  63. Beckley-Barrett, L.M., and Mutch, P.B.Position of the American Dietetic Association: Nutrition intervention in treatment and recovery from chemical dependency. Journal of the American Dietetic Association90(9):1274–1277, 1990. [PubMed: 2168909]
  64. Bell, K., Cramer-Benjamin, D., and Anastas, J.Predicting length of stay of substance-using pregnant and postpartum women in day treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment14(4):393–400, 1997. [PubMed: 9368217]
  65. Bennefield, R.L.Health Insurance Coverage: 1997. Current Population Reports. Washington, DC: Bureau of the Census, 1998.
  66. Benowitz, N.L.The use of biologic fluid samples in assessing tobacco smoke consumption. In: Gravowksi, J., and Bell, C.S., eds. Measurement in the Analysis and Treatment of Smoking Behavior. NIDA Research Monograph Series, Number 48. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1983. pp. 6–26. [PubMed: 6443145]
  67. Benowitz, N.L., and Gourlay, S.G.Cardiovascular toxicity of nicotine: Implications for nicotine replacement therapy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology29(7):1422–1431, 1997. [PubMed: 9180099]
  68. Benowitz, N.L., Perez-Stable, E.J., Herrera, B., and Jacob, P., III. Slower metabolism and reduced intake of nicotine from cigarette smoking in Chinese-Americans. Journal of the National Cancer Institute94(2):108–115, 2002. [PubMed: 11792749]
  69. Benowitz, N.L., Zevin, S., and Jacob, P., III. Sources of variability in nicotine and cotinine levels with use of nicotine nasal spray, transdermal nicotine, and cigarette smoking. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology43(3):259–267, 1997. [PMC free article: PMC2042749] [PubMed: 9088580]
  70. Beresford, T.P.Alcohol and aging: Looking ahead. In: Beresford, T.P., and Gomberg, E., eds. Alcohol and Aging. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. pp. 327–336.
  71. Bernadt, M.W., and Murray, R.M.Psychiatric disorder, drinking and alcoholism: What are the links?British Journal of Psychiatry148:393–400, 1986. [PubMed: 3730705]
  72. Bernat, J.L.Informed consent. Muscle and Nerve24(5):614–621, 2001. [PubMed: 11317270]
  73. Beuger, M., Tommasello, A., Schwartz, R., and Clinton, M.Clonidine use and abuse among methadone program applicants and patients. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment15(6):589–593, 1998. [PubMed: 9845872]
  74. Bickel, W.K., Stitzer, M.L., Bigelow, G.E., Liebson, I.A., Jasinski, D.R., and Johnson, R.E.A clinical trial of buprenorphine: Comparison with methadone in the detoxification of heroin addicts. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics43(1):72–78, 1988. [PubMed: 3275523]
  75. Blachly, P., Casey, D., Marcel, L., and Denney, D.Rapid detoxification from heroin and methadone using naloxone. A model for the syndrome. In: Senay, E., Shortz, V., and Alkesne, H., eds. Development in the Field of Drug Abuse. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman, 1975. pp. 327–336.
  76. Blankfield, A.Psychiatric symptoms in alcohol dependence: Diagnostic and treatment implications. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment3(4):275–278, 1986. [PubMed: 3586078]
  77. Blechner, B., and Butera, A. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA): A provider's overview of new privacy regulations. Connecticut Medicine 66(2):91–95, 2002. [PubMed: 11908191]
  78. Blondal, T., Gudmundsson, L.J., Olafsdottir, I., Gustavsson, G., and Westin, A.Nicotine nasal spray with nicotine patch for smoking cessation: Randomised trial with six year follow up. British Medical Journal318:285–288, 1999. [PMC free article: PMC27708] [PubMed: 9924052]
  79. Bobo, J.K., and Davis, C.M.Cigarette smoking cessation and alcohol treatment. Addiction88(3):405–412, 1993. [PubMed: 8384911]
  80. Booth, B.M., and Blow, F.C.The kindling hypothesis: Further evidence from a U.S. national study of alcoholic men. Alcohol and Alcoholism28(5):593–598, 1993. [PubMed: 8274184]
  81. Booth, B.M., Russell, D.W., Soucek, S., and Laughlin, P.R.Social support and outcome of alcoholism treatment: An exploratory analysis. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse18(1):87–101, 1992. [PubMed: 1562009]
  82. Borgdorff, M.W., Behr, M.A., Nagelkerke, N.J., Hopewell, P.C., and Small, P.M.Transmission of tuberculosis in San Francisco and its association with immigration and ethnicity. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease4(4):287–294, 2000. [PubMed: 10777075]
  83. Boucher, T.A., Kiesuk, T.J., and Trachtenberg, A.I.Complementary and alternative therapies. In: Graham, A.W., Schultz, T.K., Mayo-Smith, M.F., Ries, R.K., and Wilford, B.B., eds. Principles of Addiction Medicine. 3d ed.Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2003. pp. 509–532.
  84. Bowles, T.M., Sommi, R.W., and Amiri, M.Successful management of prolonged gamma-hydroxybutyrate and alcohol withdrawal. Pharmacotherapy21(2):254–257, 2001. [PubMed: 11213862]
  85. Bradley, K.A., Boyd-Wickizer, J., Powell, S.H., and Burman, M.L.Alcohol screening questionnaires in women: A critical review. Journal of the American Medical Association280(2):166–171, 1998. [PubMed: 9669791]
  86. Brady, K.T., Grice, D.E., Dustan, L., and Randall, C.Gender differences in substance use disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry150(11):1707–1711, 1993. [PubMed: 8214180]
  87. Brady, K.T., and Randall, C.L.Gender differences in substance use disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America22(2):241–252, 1999. [PubMed: 10385931]
  88. Brauer, R.B., Liebermann-Meffert, D., Stein, H.J., Bartels, H., and Siewert, J.R.Boerhaave's syndrome: Analysis of the literature and report of 18 new cases. Diseases of the Esophagus: Official Journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus10(1):64–68, 1997. [PubMed: 9079278]
  89. Brems, C.Cultural issues in psychological assessment: Problems and possible solutions. Journal of Psychological Practice4(2):88–117, 1998.
  90. Brewer, C.Ultra-rapid, antagonist-precipitated opiate detoxification under general anesthesia or sedation. Addiction Biology2(3):291–302, 1997. [PubMed: 26735785]
  91. Brouette, T., and Anton, R.Clinical review of inhalants. American Journal on Addictions10(1):79–94, 2001. [PubMed: 11268830]
  92. Brower, K.J., Mudd, S., Blow, F.C., Young, J.P., and Hill, E.M.Severity and treatment of alcohol withdrawal in elderly versus younger patients. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research18(1):196–201, 1994. [PubMed: 8198220]
  93. Brown, M.E., Anton, R.F., Malcolm, R., and Ballenger, J.C.Alcohol detoxification and withdrawal seizures: Clinical support for a kindling hypothesis. Biological Psychiatry23:507–514, 1988. [PubMed: 3345323]
  94. Brown, P.J., Recupero, P.R., and Stout, R.PTSD substance abuse comorbidity and treatment utilization. Addictive Behaviors20(2):251–254, 1995. [PubMed: 7484319]
  95. Brown, S.A., and Schuckit, M.A.Changes in depression among abstinent alcoholics. Journal of Studies on Alcohol49(5):412–417, 1988. [PubMed: 3216643]
  96. Brumbaugh, A.G.Acupuncture: New perspectives in chemical dependency treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment10(1):35–43, 1993. [PubMed: 8450571]
  97. Buchert, R., Obrocki, J., Thomasius, R., Vaterlein, O., Petersen, K., Jenicke, L., Bohuslavizki, K.H., and Clausen, M.Long-term effects of “ecstasy” abuse on the human brain studied by FDG PET. Nuclear Medicine Communications22(8):889–897, 2001. [PubMed: 11473208]
  98. Bucholz, K.K., Sheline, Y., and Helzer, J.E.The epidemiology of alcohol use, problems, and dependence in elders: A review. In: Beresford, T.P., and Gomberg, E., eds. Alcohol and Aging. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. pp. 19–41.
  99. Budney, A.J., Hughes, J.R., Moore, B.A., and Novy, P.L.Marijuana abstinence effects in marijuana smokers maintained in their home environment. Archives of General Psychiatry58(10):917–924, 2001. [PubMed: 11576029]
  100. Bureau of Justice Assistance. Byrne Formula Grant Program Guidance and Application Kit. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Assistance, 2002.
  101. Burke, A.P., Kalra, P., Li, L., Smialek, J., and Virmani, R.Infectious endocarditis and sudden unexpected death: Incidence and morphology of lesions in intravenous addicts and non-drug abusers. Journal of Heart Valve Disease6(2):198–202, 1997. [PubMed: 9130133]
  102. Burkett, G., Gomez-Marin, O., Yasin, S.Y., and Martinez, M.Prenatal care in cocaine-exposed pregnancies. Obstetrics and Gynecology92(2):193–200, 1998. [PubMed: 9699750]
  103. Burling, T.A., Burling, A.S., and Latini, D.A controlled smoking cessation trial for substance-dependent inpatients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology69(2):295–304, 2001. [PubMed: 11393606]
  104. Burling, T.A., Marshall, G.D., and Seidner, A.L.Smoking cessation for substance abuse inpatients. Journal of Substance Abuse3(3):269–276, 1991. [PubMed: 1668228]
  105. Burnam, M.A., Hough, R.L., Karno, M., Escobar, J.I., and Telles, C.A.Acculturation and lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders among Mexican Americans in Los Angeles. Journal of Health and Social Behavior28(1):89–102, 1987. [PubMed: 3571910]
  106. Butcher, J.N., Nezami, E., and Exner, J.Psychological assessment of people in diverse cultures. In: Kazarian, S.S., and Evans, D.R., eds. Cultural Clinical Psychology: Theory, Research, and Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. pp. 61–105.
  107. Buttner, A., Mall, G., Penning, R., and Weis, S.The neuropathology of heroin abuse. Forensic Science International113(1-3): 435–442, 2000. [PubMed: 10978659]
  108. Buxton, N., and McConachie, N.S.Amphetamine abuse and intracranial haemorrhage. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine93(9):472–477, 2000. [PMC free article: PMC1298104] [PubMed: 11089483]
  109. Caetano, R., Clark, C.L., and Tam, T.Alcohol consumption among racial/ethnic minorities: Theory and research. Alcohol Health and Research World22(4):233–238, 1998. [PMC free article: PMC6761890] [PubMed: 15706749]
  110. Callahan, K.P., Malinin, A.I., Atar, D., and Serebruany, V.L.Platelet activation as a universal trigger in the pathogenesis of acute coronary events after cocaine abuse. Swiss Medicine Weekly131(33–34):487–489, 2001. [PubMed: 11683077]
  111. Canino, G.J., Bird, H.R., Shrout, P.E., Rubio-Stipec, M., Bravo, M., Martinez, R., Sesman, M., Guzman, A., Guevara, L.M., and Costas, H.The Spanish Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Reliability and concordance with clinical diagnoses in Puerto Rico. Archives of General Psychiatry44(8):720–726, 1987. [PubMed: 3498455]
  112. Caraveo-Anduaga, J., Colmenares, B., Eduardo, S., and Gabriela, J.Psychiatric morbidity in Mexico City: Prevalence and comorbidity during a lifetime. Salud Mental22:62–67, 1999.
  113. Carey, K.B., Purnine, D.M., Maisto, S.A., Carey, M.P., and Barnes, K.L.Decisional balance regarding substance use among persons with schizophrenia. Community Mental Health Journal35(4):289–299, 1999. [PMC free article: PMC2430516] [PubMed: 10452697]
  114. Carise, D., and McLellan, A.T.Increasing Cultural Sensitivity of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI): An Example With Native Americans in North Dakota. Special Report. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 1999.
  115. Carroll, K.M., ed. Improving Compliance With Alcoholism Treatment. Project MATCH Monograph Series Vol. 6. NIH Publication No. 97–4143. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1997.
  116. Carter, N., Rutty, G.N., Milroy, C.M., and Forrest, A.R.Deaths associated with MBDB misuse. International Journal of Legal Medicine113(3):168–170, 2000. [PubMed: 10876990]
  117. Castro, F.G., and Tafoya-Barraza, H.M.Treatment issues with Latinos addicted to cocaine and heroin. In: Garcia, J.G., and Zea, M.C., eds. Psychological Interventions and Research With Latino Populations. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1997. pp. 191–216.
  118. Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. Communication Strategy Guide: A Look at Methamphetamine Use Among Three Populations. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2000.
  119. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Improving Treatment for Drug-Exposed Infants. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 5. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 95–3057. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1993a. [PubMed: 22514857]
  120. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Pregnant, Substance-Using Women. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 2. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 93–1998. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1993b.
  121. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Screening for Infectious Diseases Among Substance Abusers. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 6. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 95–3060. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1993c. [PubMed: 22514863]
  122. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. State Methadone Treatment Guidelines. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 1. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 93–1991. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1993d.
  123. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Assessment and Treatment of Cocaine-Abusing Methadone-Maintained Patients. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 10. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 94–3003. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1994a. [PubMed: 22514817]
  124. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Assessment and Treatment of Patients with Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 9. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 94–2078. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1994b. [PubMed: 22514866]
  125. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Combining Substance Abuse Treatment With Intermediate Sanctions for Adults in the Criminal Justice System. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 12. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 94–3004. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1994c. [PubMed: 22514819]
  126. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Intensive Outpatient Treatment for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 8. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 99–3306. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1994d. [PubMed: 22514865]
  127. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Screening and Assessment for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Among Adults in the Criminal Justice System. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 7. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 94–2076. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1994e. [PubMed: 22514864]
  128. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Simple Screening Instruments for Outreach for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Infectious Diseases. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 11. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 94–2094. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1994f. [PubMed: 22514818]
  129. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Alcohol and Other Drug Screening of Hospitalized Trauma Patients. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 16. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 95–3041. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1995a. [PubMed: 22514821]
  130. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Combining Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment with Diversion for Juveniles in the Justice System. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 21. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 95–3051. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1995b. [PubMed: 22514827]
  131. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Developing State Outcomes Monitoring Systems for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 14. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 95–3031. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1995c.
  132. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Detoxification From Alcohol and Other Drugs. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 19. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 95–3046. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 1995d.
  133. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. LAAM in the Treatment of Opiate Addiction. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 22. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 95–3052. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1995e. [PubMed: 22514828]
  134. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Matching Treatment to Patient Needs in Opioid Substitution Therapy. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 20. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 95–3049. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1995f. [PubMed: 22514826]
  135. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Planning for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Treatment for Adults in the Criminal Justice System. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 17. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 95–3039. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1995g. [PubMed: 22514822]
  136. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. The Role and Current Status of Patient Placement Criteria in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 13. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 95–3021. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1995h.
  137. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. The Tuberculosis Epidemic: Legal and Ethical Issues for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Treatment Providers. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 18. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 95–3047. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1995i. [PubMed: 22514823]
  138. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment Drug Courts: Integrating Substance Abuse Treatment With Legal Case Processing. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 23. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 96–3113. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1996. [PubMed: 22514829]
  139. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. A Guide to Substance Abuse Services for Primary Care Clinicians. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 24. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 97–3139. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1997a. [PubMed: 22514830]
  140. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse Treatment and Domestic Violence. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 25. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 97–3163. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1997b. [PubMed: 22514831]
  141. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Comprehensive Case Management for Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 27. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 98–3222. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1998a. [PubMed: 22514833]
  142. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Continuity of Offender Treatment for Substance Use Disorders From Institution to Community. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 30. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 98–3245. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1998b. [PubMed: 22514836]
  143. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Contracting for Managed Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services: A Guide for Public Purchasers. Technical Assistance Publication (TAP) Series 22. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 98–3173. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1998c.
  144. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Measuring the Cost of Substance Abuse Treatment Services: An Overview. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1998d.
  145. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Naltrexone and Alcoholism Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 28. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 98–3206. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1998e. [PubMed: 22514834]
  146. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse Among Older Adults. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 26. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 98-3179. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 1998f.
  147. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Use Disorder Treatment for People With Physical and Cognitive Disabilities. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 29. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 98–3249. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1998g. [PubMed: 22514835]
  148. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Brief Interventions and Brief Therapies for Substance Abuse. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 34. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 99–3353. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999a. [PubMed: 22514840]
  149. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Cultural Issues in Substance Abuse Treatment. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 99–3278. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999b.
  150. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Enhancing Motivation for Change in Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 35. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 99–3354. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999c. [PubMed: 22514841]
  151. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Screening and Assessing Adolescents for Substance Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 31. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 99–3282. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999d. [PubMed: 22514837]
  152. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment for Stimulant Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 33. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 99–3296. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999e.
  153. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment of Adolescents With Substance Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 32. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 99–3283. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999f. [PubMed: 22514838]
  154. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Changing The Conversation: Improving Substance Abuse Treatment. The National Treatment Improvement Plan Initiative: Panel Reports, Public Hearings, and Participant Acknowledgements. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 00–3479. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2000a.
  155. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Changing The Conversation: Improving Substance Abuse Treatment. The National Treatment Improvement Plan Initiative. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 00–3480. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2000b.
  156. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Integrating Substance Abuse Treatment and Vocational Services. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 38. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 00–3470. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2000c. [PubMed: 22514844]
  157. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse Treatment for Persons With Child Abuse and Neglect Issues. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 36. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 00–3357. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2000d. [PubMed: 22514842]
  158. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse Treatment for Persons With HIV/AIDS. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 37. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 00–3459. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2000e. [PubMed: 22514843]
  159. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. A Provider's Introduction to Substance Abuse Treatment for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Individuals. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2001.
  160. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 40. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 04–3939. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2004a. [PubMed: 22514846]
  161. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse Treatment and Family Therapy. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 39. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2004b. [PubMed: 22514845]
  162. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse Treatment: Group Therapy. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 41. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 05–3991. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2005a. [PubMed: 22514847]
  163. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse Treatment for Adults in the Criminal Justice System. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 44. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 05–4056. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2005b. [PubMed: 22514850]
  164. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse Treatment for Persons With Co-Occurring Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 42. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 05–3992. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2005c. [PubMed: 22514848]
  165. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Addiction in Opioid Treatment Programs. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 43. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 05–4048. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2005d. [PubMed: 22514849]
  166. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Improving Cultural Competence in Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, in development a.
  167. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse: Administrative Issues in Outpatient Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, in development c. [PubMed: 22514852]
  168. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse: Clinical Issues in Intensive Outpatient Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, in development d. [PubMed: 22514853]
  169. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse Treatment: Addressing the Specific Needs of Women. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, in development e. [PubMed: 22514859]
  170. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse Treatment: Men's Issues. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, in development g.
  171. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse and Trauma. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, in development h.
  172. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Prevention Community Planning for HIV Prevention Cooperative Agreement Recipients. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1999.
  173. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Prevention Strategic Plan Through 2005. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001.
  174. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cigarette smoking among adults—United States, 2000. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report51(29):642–645, 2002a. [PubMed: 12186222]
  175. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 200113(2):1–44, 2002b.
  176. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cigarette smoking among adults—United States, 2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report55(44):1121–1124, 2005. [PubMed: 16280969]
  177. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Office of Minority Health. Native Hawaiian & Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) Populations. 2004.
  178. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Your Medicare Coverage. Baltimore: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2002.
  179. Chakko, S., and Myerburg, R.J.Cardiac complications of cocaine abuse. Clinical Cardiology18(2):67–72, 1995. [PubMed: 7720292]
  180. Chambers, H.F., Morris, D.L., Tauber, M.G., and Modin, G.Cocaine use and the risk for endocarditis in intravenous drug users. Annals of Internal Medicine106(6):833–836, 1987. [PubMed: 3579070]
  181. Chan, A.W.K., Pristach, E.A., Welte, J.W., and Russell, M.Use of the TWEAK test in screening for alcoholism/heavy drinking in three populations. Alcoholism, Clinical, and Experimental Research17(6):1188–1192, 1993. [PubMed: 8116829]
  182. Chance, J.F.Emergency department treatment of alcohol withdrawal seizures with phenytoin. Annals of Emergency Medicine20(5):520–522, 1991. [PubMed: 2024792]
  183. Chang, P.Treating Asian/Pacific American addicts and their families. In: Krestan, J.A., ed. Bridges to Recovery: Addiction, Family Therapy, and Multicultural Treatment. New York: Free Press, 2000. pp. 192–218.
  184. Chappel, J.N., and DuPont, R.L.Twelve-step and mutual help programs for addictive disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America22(2):425–446, 1999. [PubMed: 10385942]
  185. Charney, D.S., Heninger, G.R., and Kleber, H.D.The combined use of clonidine and naltrexone as a rapid, safe, and effective treatment of abrupt withdrawal from methadone. American Journal of Psychiatry143(7):831–837, 1986. [PubMed: 3717421]
  186. Charney, D.S., Riordan, C.E., Kleber, H.D., Murburg, M., Braverman, P., Sternberg, D.E., Heninger, G.R., and Redmond, D.E.Clonidine and naltrexone. A safe, effective, and rapid treatment of abrupt withdrawal from methadone therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry39(11):1327–1332, 1982. [PubMed: 7138234]
  187. Chavkin, W., Breitbart, V., Elman, D., and Wise, P.H.National survey of the states: Policies and practices regarding drug-using pregnant women. American Journal of Public Health88(1):117–119, 1998. [PMC free article: PMC1508376] [PubMed: 9584016]
  188. Chen, Y.R., Swann, A.C., and Johnson, B.A.Stability of diagnosis in bipolar disorder. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease186(1):17–23, 1998. [PubMed: 9457143]
  189. Cherpitel, C.J.Screening for alcohol problems in the emergency room: A rapid alcohol problems screen. Drug and Alcohol Dependence40(2):133–137, 1995. [PubMed: 8745135]
  190. Cherpitel, C.J.Comparison of screening instruments for alcohol problems between Black and White emergency room patients from two regions of the country. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research21(8):1391–1397, 1997. [PubMed: 9394109]
  191. Childress, A.R., Mozley, P.D., McElgin, W., Fitzgerald, J., Reivich, M., and O'Brien, C.P.Limbic activation during cue-induced cocaine craving. American Journal of Psychiatry156(1):11–18, 1999. [PMC free article: PMC2820826] [PubMed: 9892292]
  192. Chiles, J.A., Von Cleve, E., Jemelka, R.P., and Trupin, E.W.Substance abuse and psychiatric disorders in prison inmates. Hospital Community Psychiatry41(10):1132–1134, 1990. [PubMed: 2242882]
  193. Christophersen, A.S.Amphetamine designer drugs: An overview and epidemiology. Toxicology Letters (Mar 15): 112, 113–127, 131, 2000. [PubMed: 10720721]
  194. Church, O.M., and Anderson, R.Managed care in the substance abuse arena: Challenges and choices. Part II. Journal of Substance Use4(3):103–105, 2000.
  195. Chutuape, M.A., Jasinski, D.R., Fingerhood, M.I., and Stitzer, M.L.One-, three-, and six-month outcomes after brief inpatient opioid detoxification. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse27(1):19–44, 2001. [PubMed: 11373035]
  196. Ciraulo, D.A., Alderson, L.M., Chapron, D.J., Jaffe, J.H., Subbarao, B., and Kramer, P.A.Imipramine disposition in alcoholics. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology2(1):2–7, 1982. [PubMed: 7068940]
  197. Ciraulo, D.A., and Jaffe, J.H.Tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of depression associated with alcoholism. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology1(3):146–150, 1981. [PubMed: 7298891]
  198. Clark, H.W., McClanahan, T.M., and Sees, K.L.Substance abuse services in systems of care: Linkages and issues in serving culturally diverse populations. In: Hernandez, M., and Isaacs, M.R., eds. Promoting Cultural Competence in Children's Mental Health Services. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing, 1998. pp. 207–227.
  199. Closser, M.H., and Blow, F.C.Special populations: Women, ethnic minorities, and the elderly. Psychiatric Clinics of North America16(1):199–209, 1993. [PubMed: 8456045]
  200. Cochran, S.D., and Mays, V.M.Relation between psychiatric syndromes and behaviorally defined sexual orientation in a sample of the US population. American Journal of Epidemiology151(5):516–523, 2000. [PMC free article: PMC3698226] [PubMed: 10707921]
  201. Coffey, R.M., Mark, T., King, E., Harwood, H., McKusick, D., Genuardi, J., Dilonardo, J., and Chalk, M.National Estimates of Expenditures for Substance Abuse Treatment, 1997. HHS Publication No. SMA 01-3511. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 2001.
  202. Coffey, S.F., Dansky, B.S., Carrigan, M.H., and Brady, K.T.Acute and protracted cocaine abstinence in an outpatient population: A prospective study of mood, sleep and withdrawal symptoms. Drug and Alcohol Dependence59:277–286, 2000. [PubMed: 10812287]
  203. Collins, K.S., Hughes, D.L., Doty, M.M., Ives, B.L., Edwards, J.N., and Tenney, K.Diverse Communities, Common Concerns: Assessing Health Care Quality For Minority Americans. The Commonwealth Fund, 2002.
  204. Comer, V.G., and Annitto, W.J.Buprenorphine: A safe method for detoxifying pregnant heroin addicts and their unborn. American Journal on Addictions13(3):317–318, 2004. [PubMed: 15370952]
  205. Comfort, M., Hagan, T., and Kaltenbach, K.Psychosocial History. Philadelphia: Family Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1996.
  206. Comfort, M., Zanis, D.A., Whiteley, M.J., Kelly-Tyler, A., and Kaltenbach, K.A.Assessing the needs of substance abusing women: Psychometric data on the psychosocial history. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment17(1–2):79–83, 1999. [PubMed: 10435254]
  207. Compton, W.M., III, Cottler, L.B., Ben Abdallah, A., Phelps, D.L., Spitznagel, E.L., and Horton, J.C.Substance dependence and other psychiatric disorders among drug dependent subjects: Race and gender correlates. American Journal on Addictions9(2):113–125, 2000. [PubMed: 10934573]
  208. Connors, G.J., Carroll, K.M., DiClemente, C.C., Longabaugh, R., and Donovan, D.M.The therapeutic alliance and its relationship to alcoholism treatment participation and outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology65(4):588–598, 1997. [PubMed: 9256560]
  209. Connors, G.J., DiClemente, C.C., Dermen, K.H., Kadden, R., Carroll, K.M., and Frone, M.R.Predicting the therapeutic alliance in alcoholism treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol61(1):139–149, 2000. [PubMed: 10627108]
  210. Conyne, R.K.What to look for in groups: Helping trainees become more sensitive to multicultural issues. Journal for Specialists in Group Work23(1):22–32, 1998.
  211. Cook, C.A., Booth, B.M., Blow, F.C., Gogineni, A., and Bunn, J.Y.Alcoholism treatment, severity of alcohol-related medical complications, and health services utilization. Journal of Mental Health Administration19(1):31–40, 1992. [PubMed: 10128721]
  212. Cook, J.W., Spring, B., McChargue, D.E., Borrelli, B., Hitsman, B., Niaura, R., Keuthen, N.J., Kristeller, J.Influence of fluoxetine on positive and negative affect in a clinic-based smoking cessation trial. Psychopharmacology173:153–159, 2004. [PMC free article: PMC1847574] [PubMed: 14727000]
  213. Cooper-Patrick, L., Gallo, J.J., Powe, N.R., Steinwachs, D.S., Eaton, W.W., and Ford, D.E.Mental health service utilization by African Americans and Whites: The Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-Up. Medical Care37(10): 1034–1045, 1999. [PubMed: 10524370]
  214. Corcoran, K., and Vandiver, V. Maneuvering the Maze of Managed Care: Skills for Mental Health Practitioners. New York: The Free Press, 1996.
  215. Costa, L.G., Guizzetti, M., Burry, M., and Oberdoerster, J.Developmental neurotoxicity: Do similar phenotypes indicate a common mode of action? A comparison of fetal alcohol syndrome, toluene embryopathy and maternal phenylketonuria. Toxicology Letters127(1-3):197–205, 2002. [PubMed: 12052659]
  216. Cote, G., and Hodgins, S.Co-occurring mental disorders among criminal offenders. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law18(3):271–281, 1990. [PubMed: 2245243]
  217. Cottler, L.B., Shillingtron, A.M., Compton, W.M.I., Mager, D., and Spitznagel, E.L.Subjective reports of withdrawal among cocaine users: Recommendations for DSM-IV. Drug and Alcohol Dependence33:97–104, 1993. [PubMed: 8261885]
  218. Covey, L.S., Glassman, A.H., Stetner, F., and Becker, J.Effect of history of alcoholism or major depression on smoking cessation. American Journal of Psychiatry150(10):1546–1547, 1993. [PubMed: 8379564]
  219. Covey, L.S., Sullivan, M.A., Johnston, J.A., Glassman, A.H., Robinson, M.D., and Adams, D.P.Advances in non-nicotine pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Drugs59(1):17–31, 2000. [PubMed: 10718098]
  220. Cox, G.B., Walker, R.D., Freng, S.A., Short, B.A., Meijer, L., and Gilchrist, L.Outcome of a controlled trial of the effectiveness of intensive case management for chronic public inebriates. Journal of Studies on Alcohol59(5):523–532, 1998. [PubMed: 9718104]
  221. Coyhis, D.Culturally specific addiction recovery for Native Americans. In: Krestan, J., ed. Bridges To Recovery: Addiction, Family Therapy, and Multicultural Treatment. New York: The Free Press, 2000. pp. 77–114.
  222. Craig, T.J., and DiBuono, M.Recognition of comorbid psychopathology by staff of a drug detoxification unit. The American Journal on Addictions5(1):76–80, 1996.
  223. Crits-Christoph, P., Siqueland, L., Blaine, J., Frank, A., Luborsky, L., Onken, L.S., Muenz, L.R., Thase, M.E., Weiss, R.D., Gastfriend, D.R., Woody, G.E., Barber, J.P., Butler, S.F., Daley, D., Salloum, I., Bishop, S., Najavits, L.M., Lis, J., Mercer, D., Griffin, M.L., Moras, K., and Beck, A.T.Psychosocial treatments for cocaine dependence: National Institute on Drug Abuse Collaborative Cocaine Treatment Study. Archives of General Psychiatry56(6):493–502, 1999. [PubMed: 10359461]
  224. Crystal M.Ferguson, et al., Petitioners v. City of Charleston et al. No. 99–936 Supreme Court of the United States, 1999.
  225. Cunradi, C.B., Caetano, R., and Schafer, J.Alcohol-related problems, drug use, and male intimate partner violence severity among U.S. couples. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research26(4):493–500, 2002. [PubMed: 11981125]
  226. Curley, B.Arcane Laws Hinder ER Interventions for Alcohol, Other Drugs. Join Together Online. 2002.
  227. Curran, H.V., and Monaghan, L.In and out of the K-hole: A comparison of the acute and residual effects of ketamine in frequent and infrequent ketamine users. Addiction96(5):749–760, 2001. [PubMed: 11331033]
  228. Dackis, C.A.A commentary on “The role of laboratory tests for alcoholism treatment.”Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment20(1):87–88, 2001. [PubMed: 11239732]
  229. Dackis, C.A., and Gold, M.S.Inpatient treatment of drug and alcohol addiction. In: Miller, N.S., ed. Comprehensive Handbook of Drug and Alcohol Addiction. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1991. pp. 1233–1244.
  230. Dackis, C.A., Gold, M.S., and Estroff, T.W.Inpatient treatment of addiction. In: Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders: A Task Force Report of the American Psychiatric Association. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 1989. pp. 1359–1379.
  231. Dackis, C.A., and O'Brien, C.P.Cocaine dependence: A disease of the brain's reward centers. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment21:111–117, 2001. [PubMed: 11728784]
  232. Dackis, C.A., and O'Brien, C.P.Cocaine dependence: The challenge for pharmacotherapy. Current Opinion in Psychiatry15:261–267, 2002.
  233. Dale, L.C., Hurt, R.D., Offord, K.P., Lawson, G.M., Croghan, I.T., and Schroeder, D.R.High-dose nicotine patch therapy: Percentage of replacement and smoking cessation. Journal of the American Medical Association274(17):1353–1358, 1995. [PubMed: 7563559]
  234. Daley, M., Argeriou, M., and McCarty, D.Substance abuse treatment for pregnant women: A window of opportunity?Addictive Behaviors23(2):239–249, 1998. [PubMed: 9573427]
  235. Daley, M., Argeriou, M., McCarty, D., Callahan, J., Shepard, D., and Williams, C.The impact of substance abuse treatment modality on birth weight and health care expenditures. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs33(1):57–66, 2001. [PubMed: 11333002]
  236. Dansky, B.S., Saladin, M.E., Brady, K.T., Kilpatrick, D.G., and Resnick, H.S.Prevalence of victimization and posttraumatic stress disorder among women with substance use disorders: Comparison of telephone and in-person assessment samples. International Journal of the Addictions30(9):1079–1099, 1995. [PubMed: 7591350]
  237. D'Archangelo, E.Substance abuse in later life. Canadian Family Physician39:1986–1988, 1991–1993, 1993. [PMC free article: PMC2379910] [PubMed: 8219846]
  238. Dart, R.C., Kuffner, E.K., and Rumack, B.H.Treatment of pain or fever with paracetamol (acetaminophen) in the alcoholic patient: A systematic review. American Journal of Therapeutics7(2):123–134, 2000. [PubMed: 11319580]
  239. D'Aunno, T.Linking of substance-abuse treatment and primary health care. In: Egertson, J.A., Fox, D.M., and Leshner, A.I., eds. Treating Drug Abusers Effectively. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1997. pp. 311–331.
  240. D'Avanzo, C.E.Southeast Asians: Asian-Pacific Americans at risk for substance misuse. Substance Use and Misuse32(7–8):829–848, 1997. [PubMed: 9220559]
  241. Dean, M., Stock, B., Patterson, R.J., and Levy, G.Serum protein binding of drugs during and after pregnancy in humans. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics28(2):253–261, 1980. [PubMed: 7398192]
  242. Dell'Italia, L.Chest pain. In: Stein, J.H., ed. Internal Medicine. 4th ed.St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1994. pp. 86–92.
  243. Dempsey, D.A., and Benowitz, N.L.Risks and benefits of nicotine to aid smoking cessation in pregnancy. Drug Safety24(4):277–322, 2001. [PubMed: 11330657]
  244. Denning, P.Strategies for implementation of harm reduction in treatment settings. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs33(1):23–26, 2001. [PubMed: 11332997]
  245. Dennison, S.J.Clonidine abuse among opiate addicts. Psychiatric Quarterly72(2):191–195, 2001. [PubMed: 11433883]
  246. Department of Veterans Affairs. CHAMPVA Handbook. Denver, CO: Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Administration Center, 2001.
  247. Deutsch, J.A., and Walton, N.Y.Diazepam maintenance of alcohol preference during alcohol withdrawal. Science198(4314): 307–309, 1977. [PubMed: 561997]
  248. Diamant, K., Fischer, G., Schneider, C., Lenzinger, E., Pezawas, L., Schindler, S., and Eder, H.Outpatient opiate detoxification treatment with buprenorphine: Preliminary investigation. European Addiction Research4(4):198–202, 1998. [PubMed: 9852372]
  249. Dickinson, W.E., Mayo-Smith, M.F., and Eickelberg, S.J.Management of sedative-hypnotic intoxication and withdrawal. In: Graham, A.W., Schultz, T.K., Mayo-Smith, M.F., Ries, R.K., and Wilford, B.B., eds. Principles of Addiction Medicine. 3d ed.Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2003. pp. 633–649.
  250. DiClemente, C.C.Motivation for change: Implications for substance abuse treatment. Psychological Science10(3): 209–213, 1999.
  251. DiClemente, C., and Prochaska, J.D.Toward a comprehensive, theoretical model of change: Stages of change and addictive behavior. In: Miller, W.R., and Heather, N., eds. Treating Addictive Behaviors. 2d ed.New York: Plenum Press, 1998. pp. 3–24.
  252. DiMartini, A., Day, N., Lane, T., Beisler, A.T., Dew, M.A., and Anton, R.Carbohydrate deficient transferrin in abstaining patients with end-stage liver disease. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research27(12):1729–1733, 2001. [PMC free article: PMC4700931] [PubMed: 11781505]
  253. Dinges, M.M., and Oetting, E.R.Similarity in drug use patterns between adolescents and their friends. Adolescence28(110): 253–266, 1993. [PubMed: 8317274]
  254. Donald, P.J.Advanced malignancies in the young marijuana smoker. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology288:33–46, 1991. [PubMed: 1950738]
  255. D'Onofrio, G., Rathlev, N.K., Ulrich, A.S., Fish, S.S., and Freeland, E.S.Lorazepam for the prevention of recurrent seizures related to alcohol. New England Journal of Medicine340(12):915–919, 1999. [PubMed: 10094637]
  256. Dorus, W., Ostrow, D.G., Anton, R., Cushman, P., Collins, J.F., Schaefer, M., Charles, H.L., Desai, P., Hayashida, M., and Malkerneker, U.Lithium treatment of depressed and nondepressed alcoholics. Journal of the American Medical Association262(12):1646–1652, 1989. [PubMed: 2504944]
  257. Downes, M.A., and Whyte, I.M.Amphetamine-induced movement disorder. Emergency Medicine Australasia17(3):277–280, 2005. [PubMed: 15953231]
  258. Drake, R.E., Essock, S.M., Shaner, A., Carey, K.B., Minkoff, K., Kola, L., Lynde, D., Osher, F.C., Clark, R.E., and Rickards, L.Implementing dual diagnosis services for clients with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services52(4):469–476, 2001. [PubMed: 11274491]
  259. Drake, R.E., and Mueser, K.T.Psychosocial approaches to dual diagnosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin26 (1):105–118., 2000. [PubMed: 10755672]
  260. Drake, R.E., Osher, F.C., and Wallach, M.A.Alcohol use and abuse in schizophrenia: A prospective community study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease177(7):408–414, 1989. [PubMed: 2746194]
  261. Drozdick, J., III, Berghella, V., Hill, M., and Kaltenbach, K.Methadone trough levels in pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology187(5):1184–1188, 2002. [PubMed: 12439500]
  262. Dupont, I., Bodenez, P., Berthou, F., Simon, B., Bardou, L.G., and Lucas, D.Cytochrome P-450 2E1 activity and oxidative stress in alcoholic patients. Alcohol and Alcoholism35(1):98–103, 2000. [PubMed: 10684785]
  263. Duseja, A., Sachdev, A., Dhiman, R.K., and Chawla, Y.K.Helicobacter pylori and hepatic encephalopathy. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology22Suppl 2:S31–32, 2003. [PubMed: 15025251]
  264. Duyff, R.L.The American Dietetic Association's Complete Food and Nutrition Guide. Minneapolis, MN: Chronimed Publishing, 1996.
  265. Earnest, M.P., Feldman, H., Marx, J.A., Harris, J.A., Biletch, M., and Sullivan, L.P.Intracranial lesions shown by CT scans in 259 cases of first alcohol-related seizures. Neurology38(10):1561–1565, 1988. [PubMed: 3419599]
  266. Eickelberg, S.J., and Mayo-Smith, M.F.Management of sedative-hypnotic intoxication and withdrawal. In: Graham, A.W., and Wilford, B.B., eds. Principles of Addiction Medicine. 2d ed.Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 1998. pp. 441–456.
  267. Elderly Alcoholic Men and Women in Treatment. Paper presented at the Research Society on Alcoholism Annual Scientific Meeting, San Diego, California, 1992.
  268. Elman, I., D'Ambra, M.N., Krause, S., Breiter, H., Kane, M., Morris, R., Tuffy, L., and Gastfriend, D.R.Ultrarapid opioid detoxification: Effects on cardiopulmonary physiology, stress hormones and clinical outcomes. Drug and Alcohol Dependence61(2):163–172, 2001. [PubMed: 11137281]
  269. Ernst, M., Moolchan, E.T., and Robinson, M.L.Behavioral and neural consequences of prenatal exposure to nicotine. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry40(6):630–641, 2002. [PubMed: 11392340]
  270. Etter, J.F., and Perneger, T.V.Effectiveness of a computer-tailored smoking cessation program: A randomized trial. Archives of Internal Medicine161(21):2596–2601, 2001. [PubMed: 11718591]
  271. Evans, A.C., and Raistrick, D.Phenomenology of intoxication with toluene-based adhesives and butane gas. British Journal of Psychiatry150:769–773, 1987. [PubMed: 3651728]
  272. Fagerstrom, K.The epidemiology of smoking: health consequences and benefits of cessation. Drugs62Suppl 2(1):9, 2002. [PubMed: 12109931]
  273. Fagerstrom, K.O.Measuring degree of physical dependence to tobacco smoking with reference to individualization of treatment. Addictive Behaviors3(3-4):235–241, 1978. [PubMed: 735910]
  274. Fagerstrom, K.O., and Schneider, N.G.Measuring nicotine dependence: A review of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Journal of Behavioral Medicine12(2):159–182, 1989. [PubMed: 2668531]
  275. Federal Bureau of Prisons. Federal Bureau of Prisons Clinical Practice Guidelines: Detoxification of Chemically Dependent Inmates, December, 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of Prisons, 2000.
  276. Fehr, B.J., Wenstein, S.P., Sterling, R.C., and Gottheil, E.“As soon as possible”: An initial treatment engagement strategy. Substance Abuse12(4):183–189, 1991.
  277. Fellows, J.L., Trosclair, A., and Adams, E.K.Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and economic costs—United States, 1995–1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly ReportAtlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4-12-2002.
  278. Fenster, L.F.Alcohol and disorders of the gastrointestinal system. In: Estes, N.J., and Heinemann, M.E., eds. Alcoholism: Development, Consequences, and Interventions. St. Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby Company, 1982. pp. 136–143.
  279. Fenster, L.F.Alcohol and disorders of the gastrointestinal system. In: Estes, N.J., and Heinemann, M.E., eds. Alcoholism Development, Consequences and Interventions. 3d ed.St. Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby, 1986. pp. 145–152.
  280. Ferguson, F.N.Stake theory as an explanatory device in Navajo alcoholism treatment response. Human Organization35(1):65–78, 1976. [PubMed: 1028744]
  281. Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., and Beautrais, A.L.Is sexual orientation related to mental health problems and suicidality in young people?Archives of General Psychiatry56(10):876–880, 1999. [PubMed: 10530626]
  282. Fernandez-Sola, J., and Nicolas-Arfelis, J.M.Gender differences in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. The Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine5(1):41–47, 2002. [PubMed: 11859686]
  283. Fine, J., and Miller, N.S.Evaluation and acute management of psychotic symptomatology in alcohol and drug addictions. In: Miller, N.S., and Stimmel, B., eds. Comorbidity of Addictive and Psychiatric Disorders. New York: Haworth Medical Press, 1993. [PubMed: 8251546]
  284. Fingerhood, M.I., Jasinski, D.R., and Sullivan, J.T.Prevalence of hepatitis C in a chemically dependent population. Archives of Internal Medicine153(17):2025–2030, 1993. [PubMed: 8357288]
  285. Finigan, M.Societal Outcomes and Cost Savings of Drug and Alcohol Treatment in the State of Oregon. Salem, OR: Office of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Programs, Oregon Department of Human Resources, and Governor's Council on Alcohol and Drug Abuse Programs, 1996.
  286. Finn, P.Addressing the needs of cultural minorities in drug treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment11(4):325–337, 1994. [PubMed: 7966503]
  287. Finnegan, L.P.Treatment issues for opioid-dependent women during the perinatal period. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs23(2):191–201, 1991. [PubMed: 1765892]
  288. Finnegan, L.P., Hagan, T., and Kaltenbach, K.A.Scientific foundation of clinical practice: Opiate use in pregnant women. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine67(3):223–239, 1991. [PMC free article: PMC1807935] [PubMed: 1868275]
  289. Finnegan, L.P., and Wapner, R.J.Narcotic addiction in pregnancy. In: Niebyl, J.R., ed. Drug Use in Pregnancy. 2d ed.Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1988. pp. 203–222.
  290. Fiore, M.C., Bailey, W.C., Cohen, S.J., Dorfman, S.F., Goldstein, M.G., Gritz, E.R., Heyman, R.B., Jaen, C.R., Kottke, T.E., Lando, H.A., Mecklenburg, R.E., Mullen, P.D., Nett, L.M., Robinson, L., Stitzer, M.L., Tommasello, A.C., Villejo, L., and Wewers, M.E.Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: Quick Reference Guide for Clinicians. Rockville, MD: Public Health Service, 2000b.
  291. Fiore, M.C., Bailey, W.C., Cohen, S., Dorfman, S.F., Goldstein, M., Gritz, E.R., Heyman, R.B., Jaen, C.R., Kottke, T.E., Lando, H.A., Mecklenburg, R.E., Mullen, P.D., Nett, L.M., Robinson, L., Stitzer, M.L., Tommasello, A.C., Villejo, L., Wewers, M.E., Baker, T., Fox, D.M., and Hasselblad, V.Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: A Clinical Practice Guideline. Rockville, MD: Public Health Service, 2000a.
  292. Fiorentine, R., Nakashima, J., and Anglin, M.D.Client engagement in drug treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment17(3):199–206, 1999. [PubMed: 10531626]
  293. First, M.B., Frances, A., and Pincus, H.A.DSM-IV-TR Handbook of Differential Diagnosis. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 2002.
  294. Fischer, G., Johnson, R.E., Eder, H., Jagsch, R., Peternell, A., Weninger, M., Langer, M., and Aschauer, H.N.Treatment of opioid-dependent pregnant women with buprenorphine. Addiction95(2):239–244, 2000. [PubMed: 10723852]
  295. Flynn, P.M., Porto, J.V., Rounds-Bryant, J., and Kristiansen, P.L.Costs and Benefits of Methadone Treatment in DATOS—Part 1: Discharged versus Continuing Patients. Journal of Maintenance in the Addictions2(1/2):129–150, 2003.
  296. Fontaine, K.R., Cheskin, L.J., Carriero, N.J., Jefferson, L., Finley, C.J., and Gorelick, D.A.Body mass index and effects of refeeding on liver tests in drug-dependent adults in a residential research unit. Journal of the American Dietetic Association101(12):1467–1469, 2001. [PubMed: 11762745]
  297. Ford, W.E.Understanding the Purchase of Outcome in Substance Abuse Treatment. Rockville, MD: Indian Health Service, 2000.
  298. Foster, J.H., Marshall, E.J., and Peters, T.J.Outcome after in-patient detoxification for alcohol dependence: A naturalistic comparison of 7 versus 28 days stay. Alcohol and Alcoholism35(6):580–586, 2000. [PubMed: 11093965]
  299. Fox, C.H.Cocaine use in pregnancy. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice7(3):225–228, 1994. [PubMed: 8059626]
  300. Frances, R.J., and Miller, S.I., eds. Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders. 2d ed.New York: Guilford Press, 1998.
  301. French, M.T.Drug Abuse Treatment Cost Analysis Program (DATCAP): Program Version. 8th ed.Miami, FL: University of Miami, 2003a.
  302. French, M.T.Drug Abuse Treatment Cost Analysis Program (DATCAP): User's Manual. 8th ed.Miami, FL: University of Miami, 2003b.
  303. French, M.T., Dunlap, L.J., Zarkin, G.A., McGeary, K.A., and McLellan, A.T.A structured instrument for estimating the economic cost of drug abuse treatment. The Drug Abuse Treatment Cost Analysis Program (DATCAP). Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment14(5):445–455, 1997. [PubMed: 9437614]
  304. French, M.T., Roebuck, M.C., McLellan, A.T., and Sindelar, J.L.Can the Treatment Services Review be used to estimate the costs of addiction and ancillary services?Journal of Substance Abuse12(4):341–361, 2000. [PubMed: 11452838]
  305. French, S.A., Jefferey, R.W., Klesges, L.M., and Forster, J.L.Weight concerns and change in smoking behavior over two years in a working population. American Journal of Public Health85(5):720–722, 1995. [PMC free article: PMC1615425] [PubMed: 7733437]
  306. Fuller, R.K., and Gordis, E.Refining the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Journal of the American Medical Association272(7):557–558, 1994. [PubMed: 8046812]
  307. Galanter, M., Keller, D.S., Dermatis, H., and Egelko, S.The impact of managed care on substance abuse treatment: A report of the American Society of Addiction Medicine. Journal of Addictive Diseases19(3):13–34, 2000. [PubMed: 11076117]
  308. Ganrot, P.O.Variation of the concentrations of some plasma proteins in normal adults, in pregnant women and in newborns. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation Supplementum124:83–88, 1972. [PubMed: 4114362]
  309. Garber, A.J.Diabetes mellitus. In: Stein, J.H., ed. Internal Medicine. 4th ed.St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1994. pp. 1391–1424.
  310. Garbis, H., and McElhatton, P.R.Psychotropic, sedative-hypnotic and Parkinson drugs. In: Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation; Handbook of Prescription Drugs and Comparative Risk Assessment: With Updated Information on Recreational Drugs. New York: Elsevier, 2001. pp. 182–191.
  311. Gariti, P., Auriacombe, M., Incmikoski, R., McLellan, A.T., Patterson, L., Dhopesh, V., Mezochow, J., Patterson, M., and O'Brien, C.A randomized double-blind study of neuroelectric therapy in opiate and cocaine detoxification. Journal of Substance Abuse4(3):299–308, 1992. [PubMed: 1458046]
  312. Garro, A.J., and Lieber, C.S.Alcohol and cancer. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology30:219–249, 1990. [PubMed: 2188569]
  313. Garvey, R., and Fitzmaurice, B.Withdrawal delirium with dance drug “liquid ecstasy” (GHB). Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine21(2): 73–75, 2004. [PubMed: 30308769]
  314. Gastfriend, D.R.When a substance use disorder is the cause of treatment resistance. In: Pollack, M.H., and Otto, M.W., eds. Challenges in Clinical Practice: Pharmacologic and Psychosocial Strategies. New York: Guilford Press, 1996. pp. 329–354.
  315. Gastfriend, D.R., Lu, S.H., and Sharon, E.Placement matching: Challenges and technical progress. Substance Use and Misuse35(12–14):2191–2213, 2000. [PubMed: 11138721]
  316. Gastfriend, D.R., and McLellan, A.T.Treatment matching: Theoretic basis and practical implications. Medical Clinics of North America81(4):945–966, 1997. [PubMed: 9222262]
  317. Gatch, M.B., and Lal, H.Pharmacological treatment of alcoholism. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry22(6):917–944, 1998. [PubMed: 9789878]
  318. Gates, D.Medicaid Financing of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment for Pregnant Women, Mothers, and Their Children. Washington, DC: National Health Law Program, 1992.
  319. Gawin, F.H., and Kleber, H.D.Abstinence symptomatology and psychiatric diagnosis in cocaine abusers. Archives of General Psychiatry43:107–118, 1986. [PubMed: 3947206]
  320. Gelenberg, A.J., and Bassuk, E.L., eds. The Practitioner's Guide to Psychoactive Drugs. 4th ed.New York: Plenum Medical Book Co., 1997.
  321. Geller, A.Neurological effects. In: Graham, A.W., and Wilford, B.B., eds. Principles of Addiction Medicine. 2d ed.Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 1998. pp. 775–792.
  322. Gerstein, D.R., Johnson, R.A., Harwood, H., Fountain, D., Suter, N., and Malloy, K.Evaluating Recovery Services: The California Drug and Alcohol Treatment Assessment (CALDATA). Sacramento, CA: Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs, 1994.
  323. Giannini, A.J., Miller, N., and Kocjan, D.K.Treating steroid abuse: A psychiatric perspective. Clinical Pediatrics30(9):538–542, 1991. [PubMed: 1804586]
  324. Gill, K., Eagle Elk, M., Liu, Y., and Deitrich, R.A.Examination of ALDH2 genotypes, alcohol metabolism and the flushing response in Native Americans. Journal of Studies on Alcohol60(2):149–158, 1999. [PubMed: 10091951]
  325. Giovino, G.A., Henningfield, J.E., Tomar, S.L., Escobedo, L.G., and Slade, J.Epidemiology of tobacco use and dependence. Epidemiologic Reviews17(1):48–65, 1995. [PubMed: 8521946]
  326. Glover, E.D., and Glover, P.N.Pharmacologic treatments for the nicotine dependent smoker. American Journal of Health Behavior25(3):179–182, 2001. [PubMed: 11322615]
  327. Glover, E.D., Nilsson, F., Westin, A., and Glover, P.N. “Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire (GN–SBQ).” Paper presented at the 8th Annual Meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, Savannah, GA, 2002.
  328. Gold, C.G., Cullen, D.J., Gonzales, S., Houtmeyers, D., and Dwyer, M.J.Rapid opioid detoxification during general anesthesia: A review of 20 patients. Anesthesiology91(6):1639–1647, 1999. [PubMed: 10598605]
  329. Gold, M.S., Dackis, C.A., and Washton, A.M.The sequential use of clonidine and naltrexone in the treatment of opiate addicts. Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse3(3):19–39, 1984. [PubMed: 6388273]
  330. Gold, M.S., Redmond, D.E., Jr., and Kleber, H.D.Clonidine blocks acute opiate-withdrawal symptoms. Lancet2(8090):599–602, 1978. [PubMed: 80526]
  331. GoldenS.A., and Sakhrani, D.L.Unexpected delirium during Rapid Opioid Detoxification (ROD). Journal of Addictive Diseases23(1):65–75, 2004. [PubMed: 15077841]
  332. Goldsmith, R.J.Overview of psychiatric comorbidity: Practical and theoretical considerations. Psychiatric Clinics of North America22(2):331–349, 1999. [PubMed: 10385937]
  333. Goldstein, G.Recovery, treatment and rehabilitation in chronic alcoholics. In: Parsons, O.A., Butters, N., and Nathan, P.E., eds. Neuropsychology of Alcoholism: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: Guilford Press, 1987.
  334. Gondolf, E., Coleman, K., and Roman, S.Clinical-based vs. insurance-based recommendations for substance abuse treatment level. Substance Use and Misuse31(9):1101–1116, 1996. [PubMed: 8853232]
  335. Goodman, L., Koss, M., and Russo, N.Violence against women: Physical and mental health effects. Part I: Research. Applied and Preventive Psychology2:79–89, 1993.
  336. Gorelick, D.A., Gardner, E.L., and Xi, Z.X.Agents in development for the management of cocaine abuse. Drugs64(14):1547–1573, 2004. [PubMed: 15233592]
  337. Gossop, M., Keaney, F., and Stewart, D.A short alcohol withdrawal scale (SAWS): Development and psychometric properties. Addiction Biology7:37–43, 2002. [PubMed: 11900621]
  338. Gottheil, E., Sterling, R.C., and Weinstein, S.P.Pretreatment dropouts: Characteristics and outcomes. Journal of Addictive Diseases16(2):1–14, 1997. [PubMed: 9083821]
  339. Gottschalk, P.C., Jacobsen, L.K., and Kosten, T.R.Current concepts in pharmacotherapy of substance abuse. Current Psychiatry Reports1(2):172–178, 1999. [PubMed: 11122921]
  340. Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E., Daumann, J., Tuchtenhagen, F., Pelz, S., Becker, S., Kunert, H.J., Fimm, B., and Sass, H.Impaired cognitive performance in drug free users of recreational ecstasy (MDMA). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry68(6):719–725, 2000. [PMC free article: PMC1736948] [PubMed: 10811694]
  341. Grabowski, J., Rhoades, H., Schmitz, J., Stotts, A., AnnDaruzska, L., Creson, D., and Moeller, F.G.Dextroamphetamine for cocaine-dependence treatment: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology21(5):522–526, 2001. [PubMed: 11593078]
  342. Graham, A.W., Schultz, T.K., Mayo-Smith, M.F., Ries, R.K., and Wilford, B.B., eds. Principles of Addiction Medicine. 3d ed.Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2003.
  343. Graham, A.W., Schultz, T.K., and Wilford, B.B., eds. Principles of Addiction Medicine. 2d ed.Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 1998.
  344. Greenfeld, L.A., and Snell, T.L.Women Offenders. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report. NCJ 175688. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1999.
  345. Greenspon, A.J., and Schaal, S.F.The “holiday heart”: Electrophysiologic studies of alcohol effects in alcoholics. Annals of Internal Medicine98(2):135–139, 1983. [PubMed: 6824246]
  346. Greer, B.G.Substance abuse among people with disabilities: A problem of too much accessibility. Journal of Rehabilitation14(1):34–37, 1986.
  347. Griffith, J.D., Joe, G.W., Chatham, L.R., and Simpson, D.D.The development and validation of a Simpatia Scale for Hispanics entering drug treatment. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences20(4):468–482, 1998.
  348. Gritz, E.R., Klesges, R.C., and Meyers, A.W.The smoking and body weight relationship: Implications for intervention and post-cessation weight control. Annals of Behavioral Medicine11(4):144–153, 1989.
  349. Gross, M.M., Rosendlatt, S.M., Lewis, E., Chartof, S., and Malenowski, B.Acute alcoholic psychoses in related syndromes: Psychosocial and clinical characteristics and their implications. British Journal of Addiction65:15–31, 1972. [PubMed: 4504251]
  350. Gulliver, S.B., Rohsenow, D.J., Colby, S.M., Dey, A.N., Abrams, D.B., Niaura, R.S., and Monti, P.M.Interrelationship of smoking and alcohol dependence, use and urges to use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol56(2):202–206, 1995. [PubMed: 7760567]
  351. Gupta, R., Espinal, M.A., and Raviglione, M.C.Tuberculosis as a major global health problem in the 21st century: A WHO perspective. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine25(3):245–253, 2004. [PubMed: 16088467]
  352. Gupta, S.K., Hwang, S.S., Causey, D., Rolf, C.N., and Gorsline, J.Comparison of the nicotine pharmacokinetics of Nicoderm (nicotine transdermal system) and half-hourly cigarette smoking. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology35(10):985–989, 1995. [PubMed: 8568016]
  353. Guthmann, D.S.An Analysis of Variables That Impact Treatment Outcomes of Chemically Dependent Deaf and Hard of Hearing Individuals. Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Chemical Dependency Program for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Individuals, 2002.
  354. Hall, S.M., Tunstall, C.D., Vila, K.L., and Duffy, J.Weight gain prevention and smoking cessation: Cautionary findings. American Journal of Public Health82(6):799–803, 1992. [PMC free article: PMC1694191] [PubMed: 1585959]
  355. Haller, D.L., Knisely, J.S., Dawson, K.S., and Schnoll, S.H.Perinatal substance abusers. Psychological and social characteristics. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease181(8):509–513, 1993. [PubMed: 8360642]
  356. Handelsman, L., Cochrane, K.J., Aronson, M.J., Ness, R., Rubinstein, K.J., and Kanof, P.D.Two new rating scales for opiate withdrawal. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse13(3):293–308, 1987. [PubMed: 3687892]
  357. Haney, M., Ward, A.S., Comer, S.D., Foltin, R.W., and Fischman, M.W.Abstinence symptoms following smoked marijuana in humans. Psychopharmacology141(4):395–404, 1999. [PubMed: 10090647]
  358. Harrison, P.M., and Beck, A.J. Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2004. Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin (April):NCJ 208801. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2005.
  359. Hayashida, M.An overview of outpatient and inpatient detoxification. Alcohol Health and Research World22(1):44–46, 1998. [PMC free article: PMC6761814] [PubMed: 15706732]
  360. Heath, D.B.American Indians and alcohol: Epidemiological and sociocultural relevance. In: Spiegler, D., Tate, D., and Aitkin, S., eds. Alcohol Use Among US Ethnic Minorities. Proceedings of a Conference on the Epidemiology of Alcohol Use and Abuse Among Ethnic Minority Groups. NIDA Research Monograph 18. HHS Pub. No. (ADM) 89–1435. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989. pp. 207–222.
  361. Heatherton, T., Kozlowski, L., Frecker, R., and Fagerstrom, K.O.The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction86(9):1119–1127, 1991. [PubMed: 1932883]
  362. Hedlund, L., and Wahlstrom, G.The effect of diazepam on voluntary ethanol intake in a rat model of alcoholism. Alcohol and Alcoholism33(3):207–219, 1998. [PubMed: 9632046]
  363. Helms, J.E., and Parham, T.A.The racial identity attitude scale (RAIS). In: Jones, R.L., ed. Handbook of Tests and Measurements for Black Populations. Hampton, VA: Cobb and Henry, 1996. pp. 167–174.
  364. Helzer, J.E.Psychiatric diagnosis, family psychiatric history. In: Rounsaville, B.J., Tims, F., Horton, A.M., and Sowder, B.J., eds. Diagnostic Source Book on Drug Abuse Research and Treatment. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1993.
  365. Helzer, J.E., Bucholz, K., and Robins, L.N.Five communities in the United States: Results of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Survey. In: Helzer, J.E., and Canino, G.J., eds. Alcoholism in North America, Europe, and Asia. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. pp. 71–95.
  366. Helzer, J.E., and Canino, G., eds. Alcoholism in North America, Europe, and Asia. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  367. Henningfield, J.E., Chait, L.D., and Griffiths, R.R.Effects of ethanol on cigarette smoking by volunteers without histories of alcoholism. Psychopharmacology82(1-2):1–5, 1984. [PubMed: 6420817]
  368. Higgins, S.T., Delaney, D.D., Budney, A.J., Bickel, W.K., Hughes, J.R., Foerg, F., and Fenwick, J.W.A behavioral approach to achieving initial cocaine abstinence. American Journal of Psychiatry148 (9):1218–1224., 1991. [PubMed: 1883001]
  369. Hillbom, M., and Numminen, H.Alcohol and stroke: Pathophysiologic mechanisms. Neuroepidemiology17(6):281–287, 1998. [PubMed: 9778594]
  370. Hillbom, M.E., and Hjelm-Jager, M.Should alcohol withdrawal seizures be treated with anti-epileptic drugs?Acta Neurologica Scandinavica69(1):39–42, 1984. [PubMed: 6702419]
  371. Hitsman, B., Pingitore, R., Spring, B., Mahableshwarkar, A., Mizes, J.S., Segraves, K.A., Kristeller, J.L., and Xu, W.Antidepressant pharmacotherapy helps some cigarette smokers more than others. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology67(4):547–554, 1999. [PubMed: 10450625]
  372. Ho, A., and Dole, V.P.Pain perception in drug-free and in methadone-maintained human ex-addicts. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine162(3):392–395, 1979. [PubMed: 515020]
  373. Hoffman, N.G., and American Society of Addiction Medicine. Adult Criteria Task Force, Adolescent Criteria Task Force. ASAM Patient Placement Criteria for the Treatment of Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders. Washington, DC: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 1991.
  374. Hoffman, N.G., and Miller, N.S.Treatment outcomes for abstinence based programs. Psychiatric Annals22(8):402–408, 1992.
  375. Hoffman, R.S., and Hollander, J.E.Evaluation of patients with chest pain after cocaine use. Critical Care Clinics13(4):809–828, 1997. [PubMed: 9330842]
  376. Holder, H.D.Cost benefits of substance abuse treatment: An overview of results from alcohol and drug abuse. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics1(1):23–29, 1998. [PubMed: 11964488]
  377. Holder, H.D., and Blose, J.O.Alcoholism treatment and total health care utilization and costs. A four-year longitudinal analysis of Federal employees. Journal of the American Medical Association256(11):1456–1460, 1986. [PubMed: 3747063]
  378. Holder, H.D., and Blose, J.O.Mental health treatment and the reduction of health care costs: A four-year study of U.S. Federal employees enrollment with the Aetna Life Insurance Company. Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research8(157–74):157–174, 1987. [PubMed: 10292339]
  379. Holder, H.D., Boyd, G., Howard, J., Flay, B., Voas, R., and Grossman, M.Alcohol-problem prevention research policy: The need for a phases research model. Journal of Public Health Policy16(3):324–346, 1995. [PubMed: 7499514]
  380. Hollander, J.E.The management of cocaine-associated myocardial ischemia. New England Journal of Medicine333(19):1267–1272, 1995. [PubMed: 7566005]
  381. Hook, E.W.Management of syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. American Journal of Medicine93:477–479, 1992. [PubMed: 1442849]
  382. Hopewell, P.C., and Small, P.M.Tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobaterial infections. In: Stein, J.H., ed. Internal Medicine. 4th ed.St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1994. pp. 2193–2212.
  383. Hopkins, H.S., and Gelenberg, A.J.Bipolar disorder. In: Gelenberg, A.J., and Bassuk, E.L., eds. The Practitioner's Guide to Psychoactive Drugs. New York: Plenum Medical Book Co, 1997. pp. 123–151.
  384. Horvath, A.O., and Luborsky, L.The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology61(4):561–573, 1993. [PubMed: 8370852]
  385. House, R.M., and Pinyuchon, M.Counseling Thai Americans: An emerging need. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development26(3):194–204, 1998.
  386. Hser, Y.I., Polinsky, M.L., Maglione, M., and Anglin, M.D.Matching clients' needs with drug treatment services. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment16(4):299–305, 1999. [PubMed: 10349602]
  387. Hsu, L.C., Tani, K., Fujiyoshi, T., Kurachi, K., and Yoshida, A.Cloning of cDNAs for human aldehyde dehydrogenases 1 and 2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America82(11):3771–3775, 1985. [PMC free article: PMC397869] [PubMed: 2987944]
  388. Huff, R.M., and Kline, M.V.Tips for working with Hispanic populations. In: Huff, R.M., and Kline, M.V., eds. Promoting Health in Multicultural Populations: A Handbook for Practitioners. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1999. pp. 189–197.
  389. Hughes, J.R.Dependence potential and abuse liability of nicotine replacement therapies. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy43(1):11–17, 1989. [PubMed: 2659095]
  390. Hughes, J.R.Combining behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: An update. In: Onken, L.S., Blaine, J.D., and Boren, J.J., eds. Integrating Behavioral Therapies with Medications in the Treatment of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph 150. NIH Publication No. 95–3899. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1995. pp. 92–109. [PubMed: 8742774]
  391. Hughes, J.R., and Hatsukami, D.K.The nicotine withdrawal syndrome: A brief review and update. International Journal of Smoking Cessation1:21–26, 1992.
  392. Hughes, J.R., Lesmes, G.R., Hatsukami, D.K., Richmond, R.L., Lichtenstein, E., Jorenby, D.E., Broughton, J.O., Fortmann, S.P., Leischow, S.J., McKenna, J.P., Rennard, S.I., Wadland, W.C., and Heatley, S.A.Are higher doses of nicotine replacement more effective for smoking cessation?Nicotine and Tobacco Research1(2):169–174, 1999. [PubMed: 11072398]
  393. Hughes, T.L., and Wilsnack, S.C.Use of alcohol among lesbians: Research and clinical implications. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry67(1):20–36, 1997. [PubMed: 9034019]
  394. Humphreys, K., and Moos, R.H.Reduced substance-abuse-related health care costs among voluntary participants in Alcoholics Anonymous. Psychiatric Services47(7):709–713, 1996. [PubMed: 8807683]
  395. Hurt, R.D., Dale, L.C., Croghan, G.A., Croghan, I.T., Gomez-Dahl, L.C., and Offord, K.P.Nicotine nasal spray for smoking cessation: Pattern of use, side effects, relief of withdrawal symptoms, and cotinine levels. Mayo Clinic Proceedings73(2):118–125, 1998. [PubMed: 9472993]
  396. Hurt, R.D., Dale, L.C., Offord, K.P., Bruce, B.K., McClain, F.L., and Eberman, K.M.Inpatient treatment of severe nicotine dependence. Mayo Clinic Proceedings67(9):823–828, 1992. [PubMed: 1434925]
  397. Hurt, R.D., Eberman, K.M., Croghan, I.T., Offord, K.P., Davis, L.J., Jr., Morse, R.M., Palmen, M., and Bruce, B.K.Nicotine dependence treatments during inpatient treatment for other addictions: A prospective intervention trial. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research18(4):867–872, 1994. [PubMed: 7978097]
  398. Institute on Black Chemical Abuse. Overview of Cultural Sensitivity and Specificity: IBCA Definitions and Perspectives. Minneapolis, MN: Institute on Black Chemical Abuse, 1992.
  399. Ivey, K.J.Drugs, gastritis, and peptic ulcer. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology3(suppl 2):29–34, 1981. [PubMed: 7320467]
  400. Ja, D.Y., and Aoki, B.Substance abuse treatment: Cultural barriers in the Asian American community. In: Organista, P.B., Chun, K.M., and Marin, G., eds. Readings in Ethnic Psychology. New York: Routledge, 1998. pp. 386–401.
  401. Jackson, M.S., Stephens, R.C., and Smith, R.L.Afrocentric treatment in residential substance abuse care: The Iwo San. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment14(1):87–92, 1997. [PubMed: 9218242]
  402. James, W.Examining racial and ethnic differences in Asian adolescent drug use: The contributions of culture, background and lifestyle. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy4(1):39–52, 1997.
  403. Janicak, P.G.Principles and Practice of Psychopharmacotherapy. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1993.
  404. Jauhar, P., and Anderson, J.Is daily single dosage of diazepam as effective as chlordiazepoxide in divided doses in alcohol withdrawal—a pilot study. Alcohol and Alcoholism35(2):212–214, 2000. [PubMed: 10787400]
  405. Javors, M.A., Pichot, J.T., King, T.S., and Anton, R.S.Search for biological markers. In: Johnson, B.A., and Roache, J.D., eds. Drug Addiction and its Treatment: Nexus of Neuroscience and Behavior. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997. pp. 205–231.
  406. Joe, G.W., Brown, B.S., and Simpson, D.Psychological problems and client engagement in methadone treatment. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease183(11):704–710, 1995. [PubMed: 7595433]
  407. Johnson, R.E., Chutuape, M.A., Strain, E.C., Walsh, S.L., Stitzer, M.L., and Bigelow, G.E.A comparison of levomethadyl acetate, buprenorphine, and methadone for opioid dependence. New England Journal of Medicine343(18):1290–1297, 2000. [PubMed: 11058673]
  408. Johnson, R.E., Jones, H.E., Jasinski, D.R., Svikis, D.S., Haug, N.A., Jansson, L.M., Kissin, W.B., Alpan, G., Lantz, M.E., Cone, E.J., Wilkins, D.G., Golden, A.S., Huggins, G.R., and Lester, B.M.Buprenorphine treatment of pregnant opioid-dependent women: Maternal and neonatal outcomes. Drug and Alcohol Dependence63(1):97–103, 2001. [PubMed: 11297835]
  409. Johnston, L.D., O'Malley, P.M., and Bachman, J.G.National Survey Results on Drug Use From the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975–1995: Volume II, College Students and Young Adults. NIH Publication No. 01–4925. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1997.
  410. Jones, A.W., and Andersson, L.Influence of age, gender, and blood-alcohol concentration on the disappearance rate of alcohol from blood in drinking drivers. Journal of Forensic Science41(6):922–926, 1996. [PubMed: 8914281]
  411. Jones, A.W., and Sternebring, B.Kinetics of ethanol and methanol in alcoholics during detoxification. Alcohol and Alcoholism27(6):641–647, 1992. [PubMed: 1292437]
  412. Jones, H.E., and Balster, R.L.Inhalant abuse in pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America25(1):153–167, 1998. [PubMed: 9547765]
  413. Jones, H.E., Haug, N., Silverman, K., Stitzer, M., and Svikis, D.The effectiveness of incentives in enhancing treatment attendance and drug abstinence in methadone-maintained pregnant women. Drug and Alcohol Dependence61:297–306, 2001a. [PubMed: 11164694]
  414. Jones, H.E., and Johnson, R.E.Pregnancy and substance abuse. Current Opinion in Psychiatry14:187–193, 2001.
  415. Jones, H.E., Johnson, R.E., and Tuten, M.Methadone Detoxification of Pregnant Opiate Addicted Women: Safety and Efficacy. 2001b.
  416. Jones, H.E., Velez, M.L., McCaul, M.E., and Svikis, D.S.Special treatment issues for women. In: Strain, E.C., and Stitzer, M., eds. Methadone Treatment for Opioid Dependence. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. pp. 251–280.
  417. Jorenby, D.E., Leischow, S.J., Nides, M.A., Rennard, S.I., Johnston, J.A., Hughes, A.R., Smith, S.S., Muramoto, M.L., Daughton, D.M., Doan, K., Fiore, M.C., and Baker, T.B.A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation. New England Journal of Medicine340(9):685–691, 1999. [PubMed: 10053177]
  418. Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research and Educational Trust. Employer Health Benefits 2003 Annual Survey. Menlo Park, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2003.
  419. Kaltenbach, K., Berghella, V., and Finnegan, L.Opioid dependence during pregnancy: Effects and management. Obstetrics and Gynecology25(1):139–151, 1998. [PubMed: 9547764]
  420. Kampman, K.M., Alterman, A.I., Volpicelli, J.R., Maany, I., Muller, E.S., Luce, D.D., Mulholland, E.M., Parikh, G.A., Mulvaney, F.D., Weinrieb, R.M., and O'Brien, C.P.Cocaine withdrawal symptoms and initial urine toxicology results predict treatment attrition in outpatient cocaine dependence treatment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors15(1):52–59, 2001b. [PubMed: 11255939]
  421. Kampman, K.M., Volpicelli, J.R., Alterman, A.I., Cornish, J., and O'Brien, C.P.Amantadine in the treatment of cocaine-dependent patients with severe withdrawal symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry157(12):2052–2054, 2000. [PubMed: 11097979]
  422. Kampman, K.M., Volpicelli, J.R., McGinnis, D.E., Alterman, A.I., Weinrieb, R.M., D'Angelo, L., and Epperson, L.E.Reliability and validity of the cocaine selective severity assessment. Addictive Behaviors23(4):449–461, 1998. [PubMed: 9698974]
  423. Kampman, K.M., Volpicelli, J.R., Mulvaney, F., Alterman, A.L., Cornish, J., Gariti, P., Cnaan, A., Poole, S., Muller, E., Acosta, T., Luce, D., and O'Brien, C.Effectiveness of propranolol for cocaine dependence treatment may depend on cocaine withdrawal symptom severity. Drug and Alcohol Dependence63(1):69–78, 2001a. [PubMed: 11297832]
  424. Kandall, S.R.Women and addiction in the United States—1920 to the present. In: Wetherington, C.L., and Roman, A.B., eds. Drug Addiction Research and the Health of the Women. NIH Publication No. 98–4290. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1998. pp. 53–80.
  425. Kandall, S.R., Albin, S., Gartner, L.M., Lee, K.S., Eidelman, A., and Lowinson, J.The narcotic-dependent mother: Fetal and neonatal consequences. Early Human Development1(2):159–169, 1977. [PubMed: 617308]
  426. Kaplan, H.I., Sadock, B.J., and Cancro, R., eds. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 6th ed.Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995.
  427. Kashner, T.M., Rodell, D.E., Ogden, S.R., Guggenheim, F.G., and Karson, C.N.Outcomes and costs of two VA inpatient treatment programs for older alcoholic patients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry43(10):985–989, 1992. [PubMed: 1328022]
  428. Kasser, C., Geller, A., Howell, E., and Wartenberg, A.Detoxification: Principles and Protocols. Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2000.
  429. Kaufman, E.Diagnosis and treatment of drug and alcohol abuse in women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology174:21–27, 1996. [PubMed: 8572008]
  430. Kazarian, S.S., and Evans, D.R.Cultural Clinical Psychology: Theory, Research, and Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
  431. Keilitz, I., and Hall, D.Some statutes governing involuntary outpatient civil commitment. Maryland Law Review9(5):378–397, 1985. [PubMed: 11659022]
  432. Keller, M., and Rosenberg, S.S., eds. Alcohol and Health: Report from the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. New York: Scribner, 1973.
  433. Kertesz, S.G., Horton, N.J., Friedmann, P.D., Saitz, R., and Samet, J.H.Slowing the revolving door: Stabilization programs reduce homeless persons' substance use after detoxification. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment24(3):197–207, 2003. [PubMed: 12810140]
  434. Keso, L., and Salaspuro, M.Inpatient treatment of employed alcoholics: A randomized clinical trial on Hazelden-type and traditional treatment. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research14(4):584–589, 1990. [PubMed: 2221287]
  435. Kessler, R.C., Barker, P.R., Colpe, L.J., Epstein, J.F., Gfroerer, J.C., Hiripi, E., Howes, M.J., Normand, L.T., Mandersheid, R.W., Walters, E.E., and Zaslavsky, A.M.Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry60(2):184–189, 2003. [PubMed: 12578436]
  436. Kessler, R.C., Crum, R.M., Warner, L.A., Nelson, C.B., Schulenberg, J., and Anthony, J.C.Lifetime co-occurrence of DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence with other psychiatric disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry54(4):313–321, 1997. [PubMed: 9107147]
  437. Kessler, R.C., Nelson, C.B., McGonagle, K.A., Edlund, M.J., Frank, R.G., and Leaf, P.J.The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: Implications for prevention and service utilization. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry66(1):17–31, 1996. [PubMed: 8720638]
  438. Kessler, R.C., Nelson, C.B., McGonagle, K.A., Liu, J., Swartz, M., and Blazer, D.G. Comorbidity of DSM-III-R major depressive disorder in the general population: Results from the US National Comorbidity Survey. British Journal of Psychiatry Supplement (30):17–30, 1996. [PubMed: 8864145]
  439. Kienbaum, P., Scherbaum, N., Thurauf, N., Michel, M.C., Gastpar, M., and Peters, J.Acute detoxification of opioid-addicted patients with naloxone during propofol or methohexital anesthesia: A comparison of withdrawal symptoms, neuroendocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular patterns. Critical Care Medicine28(4):969–976, 2000. [PubMed: 10809268]
  440. Killen, J.D., Fortmann, S.P., Davis, L., Strausberg, L., and Varady, A.Do heavy smokers benefit from higher dose nicotine patch therapy?Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology7(3):226–233, 1999. [PubMed: 10472510]
  441. Kirchner, J.E., Booth, B.M., Owen, R.R., Lancaster, A.E., and Smith, G.R.Predictors of patient entry into alcohol treatment after initial diagnosis. Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research27(3):339–446, 2000. [PubMed: 10932447]
  442. Kleber, H.D., Topazian, M., Gaspari, J., Riordan, C.E., and Kosten, T.Clonidine and naltrexone in the outpatient treatment of heroin withdrawal. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse13(1–2):1–17, 1987. [PubMed: 3687878]
  443. Klein, M., Calderon, S., and Hayes, B.Abuse liability assessment of neuroprotectants. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences890:515–525, 1999. [PubMed: 10668457]
  444. Kleinman, B.P., Millery, M., Scimeca, M., and Polissar, N.L.Predicting long-term treatment utilization among addicts entering detoxification: The contribution of help-seeking models. Journal of Drug Issues32(1):209–230, 2002.
  445. Kleinman, P.H., Woody, G.E., Todd, T.C., Millman, R.B., Kang, S.Y., Kemp, J., and Lipton, D.S.Crack and cocaine abusers in outpatient psychotherapy. In: Onken, L.S., and Blaine, J.D., eds. Psychotherapy and Counseling in the Treatment of Drug Abuse. HHS Publication No. (ADM) 90–1722. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1990. pp. 24–35.
  446. Klijnsma, M.P., Cameron, M.L., Burns, T.P., and McGuigan, S.M.Outpatient alcohol detoxification outcome after 2 months. Alcohol and Alcoholism30(5):669–673, 1995. [PubMed: 8554652]
  447. Kline, A.Pathways into drug user treatment: The influence of gender and racial/ethnic identity. Substance Use and Misuse31(3):323–342, 1996. [PubMed: 8834265]
  448. Koenig, L., Denmead, G., Nguyen, R., Harrison, M., and Harwood, H.The Costs and Benefits of Substance Abuse Treatment: Findings from the National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study (NTIES). Fairfax, VA: Caliber Associates, National Evaluation Data Services, 1999.
  449. Kofoed, L., Kania, J., Walsh, T., and Atkinson, R.M.Outpatient treatment of patients with substance abuse and coexisting psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry143(7):867–872, 1986. [PubMed: 3087222]
  450. Kofoed, L.L., Tolson, R.L., Atkinson, R.M., Toth, R.L., and Turner, J.A.Treatment compliance of older alcoholics: An elder-specific approach is superior to “main-streaming.”Journal of Studies on Alcohol48(1):47–51, 1987. [PubMed: 3821118]
  451. Kolodner, G.Ambulatory detoxification as an introduction to treatment. Currents in Alcoholism1:311–317, 1977.
  452. Kongsakon, R., Papadopoulos, K.I., and Saguansiritham, R.Mirtazapine in amphetamine detoxification: A placebo-controlled pilot study. International Clinical Psychopharmacology20(5):253–256, 2005. [PubMed: 16096515]
  453. Kosten, T.R., and McCance-Katz, E.New pharmacotherapies. American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry14:105–126, 1995.
  454. Kosten, T.R., Rounsaville, B.J., and Kleber, H.D.Concurrent validity of the Addiction Severity Index. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease171(10):606–610, 1983. [PubMed: 6619823]
  455. Kranzler, H.R., and Jaffe, J.H.Pharmacologic interventions for alcoholism. In: Graham, A.W., Schultz, T.K., Mayo-Smith, M.F., Ries, R.K., and Wilford, B.B., eds. Principles of Addiction Medicine. 3d ed.Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2003. pp. 701–720.
  456. Krestan, J.Addiction, power, and powerlessness. In: Krestan, J.A., ed. Bridges To Recovery: Addiction, Family Therapy, and Multicultural Treatment. New York: Free Press, 2000. pp. 15–44.
  457. Kuhnz, W., Koch, S., Helge, H., and Nau, H.Primidone and phenobarbital during lactation period in epileptic women: Total and free drug serum levels in the nursed infants and their effects on neonatal behavior. Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeutics11(3):147–154, 1988. [PubMed: 3383727]
  458. Lader, M.H.Limitations of the use of benzodiazepines in anxiety and insomnia: Are they justified?European Neuropsychopharmacology9(Suppl 6):S399–S405, 1999. [PubMed: 10622686]
  459. Lahti, A.C., Weiler, M.A., Michaelidis, B.A., Parwani, A., and Tamminga, C.A.Effects of ketamine in normal and schizophrenic volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology25(4):455–467, 2001. [PubMed: 11557159]
  460. Lambert, M.T.Linking mental health and addiction services: A continuity-of-care team model. Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research29(4):433–444, 2002. [PubMed: 12404937]
  461. Landau, J., Garrett, J., Shea, R.R., Stanton, M.D., Brinkman-Sull, D., and Baciewicz, G.Strength in numbers: The ARISE method for mobilizing family and network to engage substance abusers in treatment. A Relational Intervention Sequence for Engagement. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse26(3):379–398, 2000. [PubMed: 10976664]
  462. Lapham, S., Hall, M., Snyder, J., Skipper, B., McMurray-Avila, M., Pulvino, S., and Kozeny, T.Demonstration of a mixed social/medical model detoxification program for homeless alcohol abusers. Contemporary Drug Problems23(Summer):301–330, 1996.
  463. Lash, S.J.Increasing participation in substance abuse aftercare treatment. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse24(1):31–36, 1998. [PubMed: 9513628]
  464. Lawson, G.M., Hurt, R.D., Dale, L.C., Offord, K.P., Croghan, I.T., Schroeder, D.R., and Jiang, N.S.Application of serum nicotine and plasma cotinine concentrations to assessment of nicotine replacement in light, moderate, and heavy smokers undergoing transdermal therapy. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology38(6):502–509, 1998. [PubMed: 9650539]
  465. Lechtenberg, R., and Worner, T.M.Seizure risk with recurrent alcohol detoxification. Archives of Neurology47(5):535–538, 1990. [PubMed: 2334301]
  466. Lechtenberg, R., and Worner, T.M.Relative kindling effect of detoxification and non-detoxification admissions in alcoholics. Alcohol and Alcoholism26(2):221–225, 1991. [PubMed: 1878083]
  467. Lechtenberg, R., and Worner, T.M.Total ethanol consumption as a seizure risk factor in alcoholics. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica85(2):90–94, 1992. [PubMed: 1574994]
  468. Legarda, J., and Gossop, M.A 24-hour inpatient detoxification treatment for heroin addicts: A preliminary investigation. Drug and Alcohol Dependence35(2):91–93, 1994. [PubMed: 8055740]
  469. Lehman, A.F., Myers, C.P., and Corty, E. Assessment and classification of patients with psychiatric and substance abuse syndromes. 1989. Psychiatric Services 51(9):1119–1125, 2000. [PubMed: 10970913]
  470. Lejoyeux, M., Solomon, J., and Ades, J.Benzodiazepine treatment for alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol and Alcoholism33(6):563–575, 1998. [PubMed: 9872344]
  471. Lerner, W.D., and Barr, M.A., eds. Handbook of Hospital Based Substance Abuse Treatment. New York: Pergamon Press, 1990.
  472. Lesser, I.M., Smith, M., Poland, R.E., and Lin, K.M.Psychopharmacology and ethnicity. In: Friedman, S., ed. Cultural Issues in the Treatment of Anxiety. New York: Guilford Press, 1997. pp. 199–224.
  473. Levin, S.M., and Greene, J.A., eds. Linking Substance Abuse Treatment and Domestic Violence Services: A Guide for Administrators. Concise Desk Reference Guide. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 00–3391. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 2000.
  474. Li, J.X., Han, R., Deng, Y.P., Chen, S.Q., and Liang, J.H.Different effects of valproate on methamphetamine- and cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in mice. Behavioural Brain Research161(1):125–132, 2005. [PubMed: 15904719]
  475. Liberto, J.G., Oslin, D.W., and Ruskin, P.E.Alcoholism in older persons: A review of the literature. Hospital and Community Psychiatry43(10):975–984, 1992. [PubMed: 1398581]
  476. Liepman, M.R.Using family influence to motivate alcoholics to enter treatment: The Johnson Institute Intervention approach. In: O'Farrell, T.J., ed. Treating Alcohol Problems: Marital and Family Interventions. New York: Guilford Press, 1993. pp. 54–77.
  477. Linder, J.D., Monkemuller, K.E., Raijman, I., Johnson, L., Lazenby, A.J., and Wilcox, C.M.Cocaine-associated ischemic colitis. Southern Medical Journal93(9):909–913, 2000. [PubMed: 11005354]
  478. Liskow, B.I., and Goodwin, D.W.Pharmacological treatment of alcohol intoxication, withdrawal and dependence: A critical review. Journal of Studies on Alcohol48(4):356–370, 1987. [PubMed: 2956463]
  479. Livneh, H., and Male, R.Functional limitations: A review of their characteristics and vocational impact. Journal of Rehabilitation59(4):44–50, 1993.
  480. Loimer, N., Lenz, K., Schmid, R., and Presslich, O.Technique for greatly shortening the transition from methadone to naltrexone maintenance of patients addicted to opiates. American Journal of Psychiatry148(7):933–935, 1991. [PubMed: 2053636]
  481. Loimer, N., Schmid, R., Presslich, O., and Lenz, K.Naloxone treatment for opiate withdrawal syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry153:851–852, 1988. [PubMed: 3256401]
  482. Longabaugh, R., Beattie, M., Noel, N., Stout, R., and Malloy, P.The effect of social investment on treatment outcome. Journal of Studies on Alcohol54(4):465–478, 1993. [PubMed: 8341050]
  483. Lopez, F.Confidentiality of Patient Records for Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment. Technical Assistance Publication Series 13. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 99–3321. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 1994.
  484. Lovejoy, A., Ryan, E.M., Johnson, K., and Tucci, A.S.Federal Funding for Substance Abuse Treatment and Support Services: Sources and Uses. Washington, DC: American Public Health Services Association, 1999.
  485. Luborsky, L.A pattern-setting therapeutic alliance study revisited. Psychotherapy Research10(1):17–29, 2000.
  486. Luborsky, L., Barber, J.P., Siqueland, L., McLellan, A.T., and Woody, G.Establishing a therapeutic alliance with substance abusers. In: Onken, L.S., Blaine, J.D., and Boren, J.J., eds. Beyond the Therapeutic Alliance: Keeping the Drug Dependent Individual in Treatment. NIDA Research Monograph 165. NIH Publication No. 97–4142. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1997. pp. 233–244. [PubMed: 9243553]
  487. Luborsky, L., Crits-Christoph, P., Mintz, J., and Auerbach, A.Who Will Benefit From Psychotherapy? Predicting Therapeutic Outcomes. New York: Basic Books, 1988.
  488. Lukas, S.E.The pharmacology of steroids. In: Graham, A.W., and Shultz, T.K., eds. Principles of Addiction Medicine. 2d ed.Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 1998.
  489. Lundgren, L., Amodeo, M., Schneider, R., Ellis, M., Fitzgerald, T., and Stevens, R.African-American injection drug users: Association between pre-treatment services and entry into and completion of detoxification. Evaluation and Program Planning22(3):259–267, 1999. [PubMed: 24011446]
  490. Mail, P.D., and Johnson, S.Boozing, sniffing, and toking: An overview of the past, present, and future of substance use by American Indians. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research5(2):1–33, 1993. [PubMed: 8130311]
  491. Malcolm, R., Myrick, H., Brady, K.T., and Ballenger, J.C.Update on anticoagulants for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. American Journal on Addictions10(Suppl):16–23, 2001. [PubMed: 11268817]
  492. Malcolm, R., Myrick, H., Roberts, J., Wang, W., Anton, R.F., and Ballenger, J.C.The effects of carbamazepine and lorazepam on single versus multiple previous alcohol withdrawals in an outpatient randomized trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine17(5):349–355, 2002. [PMC free article: PMC1495040] [PubMed: 12047731]
  493. Malcolm, R., Roberts, J.S., Wang, W., Myrick, H., and Anton, R.F.Multiple previous detoxifications are associated with less responsive treatment and heavier drinking during an index outpatient detoxification. Alcohol22(3):159–164, 2000. [PubMed: 11163123]
  494. Mancall, P.C.Deadly Medicine: Indians and Alcohol in Early America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995.
  495. Marantz, P.R., Linzer, M., Feiner, C.J., Feinstein, S.A., Kozin, A.M., and Friedland, G.H.Inability to predict diagnosis in febrile intravenous drug abusers. Annals of Internal Medicine106(6):823–828, 1987. [PubMed: 3579068]
  496. Margolis, R.D., and Zweben, J.E.Treating Patients with Alcohol and Other Drug Problems: An Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1998.
  497. Mark, T.L., Buck, J.A., Dilonardo, J.D., Coffey, R.M., and Chalk, M.Medicaid expenditures on behavioral health care. Psychiatric Services54(2):188–194, 2003a. [PubMed: 12556599]
  498. Mark, T.L., Dilonardo, J.D., Chalk, M., and Coffey, R.M.Substance Abuse Detoxification: Improvements Needed in Linkage to Treatment. HHS Pub. No. (SMA) 02–3728. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2002.
  499. Mark, T.L., Dilonardo, J.D., Chalk, M., and Coffey, R.M.Factors associated with the receipt of treatment following detoxification. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment24(4):299–304, 2003b. [PubMed: 12867203]
  500. Markarian, M., and Franklin, J.Substance abuse in minority populations. In: Frances, R.J., and Miller, S.I., eds. Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders. 2d ed.New York: Guilford Press, 1998. pp. 397–412.
  501. Markowitz, J.S., Myrick, H., and Hiott, W.Clonidine dependence. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology17(2):137–138, 1997. [PubMed: 10950490]
  502. Marlatt, G.A., Blume, A.W., and Parks, G.A.Integrating harm reduction therapy and traditional substance abuse treatment. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs33(1):13–21, 2001. [PubMed: 11332996]
  503. Marlatt, G.A., and Gordon, J.Determinants of relapse: Implications for the maintenance of behavior change. In: Davidson, P., and Davidson, S., eds. Behavioral Medicine: Changing Health Lifestyles. New York: Brunner/Mazel, pp. 410–452, 1980.
  504. Marlatt, G.A., Tucker, J.A., Donovan, D.M., and Vuchinich, R.E.Help-seeking by substance abusers: The role of harm reduction and behavioral-economic approaches to facilitate treatment entry and retention. In: Onken, L.S., Blaine, J.D., and Boren, J.J., eds. Beyond the Therapeutic Alliance: Keeping the Drug Dependent Individual in Treatment. NIDA Research Monograph 165. NIH Publication No. 97–4142. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1997, pp. 44–84. [PubMed: 9243546]
  505. Marsden, J., Gossop, M., Stewart, D., Rolfe, A., and Farrell, M.Psychiatric symptoms among clients seeking treatment for drug dependence: Intake data from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study. British Journal of Psychiatry176(March):285–289, 2000. [PubMed: 10755078]
  506. Marsella, A.J.Thoughts on cross-cultural studies on the epidemiology of depression. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry2(4):343–357, 1978. [PubMed: 729393]
  507. Martin, A.C., Schaffer, S.D., and Campbell, R.Managing alcohol-related problems in the primary care setting. Nurse Practitioner24(8):14–18, 1999. [PubMed: 10479108]
  508. Mattick, R.P., Bell, J., and Daws, L.C.Review of the Evidence on the Effectiveness of Antagonists in Managing Opioid Dependence. National Drug and Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia, 1998.
  509. Mattick, R.P., and Hall, W.Are detoxification programmes effective?Lancet347(8994):97–100, 1996. [PubMed: 8538351]
  510. Mayo-Smith, M.F.Pharmacological management of alcohol withdrawal. A meta-analysis and evidence-based practice guideline. Journal of the American Medical Association278(2):144–151, 1997. [PubMed: 9214531]
  511. Mayo-Smith, M.F., and Bernard, D.Late-onset seizures in alcohol withdrawal. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research19(3):656–659, 1995. [PubMed: 7573789]
  512. McCarty, D., Caspi, Y., Panas, L., Krakow, M., and Mulligan, D.H.Detoxification centers: Who's in the revolving door?Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research27(3):245–257, 2000. [PubMed: 10932439]
  513. McCorry, F., Garnick, D.W., Bartlett, J., Cotter, F., and Chalk, M.Developing performance measures for alcohol and other drug services in managed care plans. Washington Circle Group. Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement26(11):633–643, 2000a. [PubMed: 11098426]
  514. McCorry, F., Garnick, D.W., Bartlett, J., Cotter, F., and Chalk, M.Improving Performance Measurement for Alcohol and Other Drug Services. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2000b.
  515. McCrady, B.S., and Delaney, S.I.Self-help groups. In: Hester, R.K., and Miller, W.R., eds. Handbook of Alcoholism Treatment Approaches. 2d ed.Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1995. pp. 160–175.
  516. McCrady, B.S., Epstein, E.E., and Hirsch, L.S.Issues in the implementation of a randomized clinical trial that includes Alcoholics Anonymous: Studying AA-related behaviors during treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol57:604–612, 1996. [PubMed: 8913991]
  517. McDonald, J.D., Morton, R., and Stewart, C.Clinical concerns with American Indian patients. In: VandeCreek, L., and Knapp, S., eds. Innovations in Clinical Practice: A Source Book. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press/Professional Resource Exchange, 1993. pp. 437–454.
  518. McElhatton, P.R.Heart and circulatory system drugs. In: Schaefer, C.H., ed. Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation: Handbook of Prescription Drugs and Comparative Risk Assessment: With Updated Information on Recreational Drugs. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001. pp. 116–131.
  519. McElhatton, P.R., Bateman, D.N., Evans, C., Pughe, K.R., and Thomas, S.H.Congenital anomalies after prenatal ecstasy exposure. Lancet354(9188):1441–1442, 1999. [PubMed: 10543673]
  520. McGee, M.D., and Mee-Lee, D.Rethinking patient placement: The human service matrix model for matching services to needs. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment14(2):141–148, 1997. [PubMed: 9258858]
  521. McGinnis, J.M., and Foege, W.H.Actual causes of death in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association270(18):2207–2212, 1993. [PubMed: 8411605]
  522. McLaughlin, L.A., and Braun, K.L.Asian and Pacific Islander cultural values: Considerations for health care decision making. Health and Social Work23(2):116–126, 1998. [PubMed: 9598394]
  523. McLellan, A.T., Alterman, A.I., Metzger, D.S., Grissom, G.R., Woody, G.E., Luborsky, L., and O'Brien, C.P.Similarity of outcome predictors across opiate, cocaine, and alcohol treatments: Role of treatment services. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology62(6):1141–1158, 1994. [PubMed: 7860812]
  524. McLellan, A.T., Grissom, G.R., Brill, P., Durell, J., Metzger, D.S., and O'Brien, C.P.Private substance abuse treatments: Are some programs more effective than others?Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment10(3):243–254, 1993. [PubMed: 8391086]
  525. McLellan, A.T., Hagan, T.A., Levine, M., Gould, F., Meyers, K., Bencivengo, M., and Durell, J.Supplemental social services improve outcomes in public addiction treatment. Addiction93(10):1489–1499, 1998. [PubMed: 9926553]
  526. McLellan, A.T., Kushner, H., Metzger, D., Peters, R., Smith, I., Grissom, G., Pettnati, H., and Argeriou, M.The fifth edition of the Addiction Severity Index. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment9(3):199–213, 1992. [PubMed: 1334156]
  527. McLellan, A.T., Lewis, D., O'Brien, C.P., Hoffmann, N.G., and Kleber, H.D.Is Drug Dependence a Chronic Medical Illness: Implications for Treatment, Insurance and Outcome Evaluation. Philadelphia: Treatment Research Institute, 2002. [PubMed: 11015800]
  528. McLellan, A.T., Lewis, D.C., O'Brien, C.P., and Kleber, H.D.Drug dependence, a chronic medical illness: Implications for treatment, insurance, and outcomes evaluation. Journal of the American Medical Association284(13):1689–1695, 2000. [PubMed: 11015800]
  529. McLellan, A.T., Luborsky, L., Cacciola, J., Griffith, J., Evans, F., Barr, H.L., and O'Brien, C.P.New data from the Addiction Severity Index: Reliability and validity in three centers. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease173(7):412–423, 1985. [PubMed: 4009158]
  530. McLellan, A.T., Luborsky, L., Woody, G.E., and O'Brien, C.P.An improved diagnostic evaluation instrument for substance abuse patients: The Addiction Severity Index. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease168(1):26–33, 1980. [PubMed: 7351540]
  531. McLellan, A.T., and McKay, J.R.Components of successful treatment programs: Lessons from the research literature. In: Graham, A.W., Schultz, T.K., and Wilford, B.B., eds. Principles of Addiction Medicine. 2d ed.Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 1998. pp. 327–343.
  532. McNiel, J., Sheffield, J.V.L., and Bartlett, J.G.Core elements of HIV primary care. In: Bartlett, J.G., Cheever, L.W., Johnson, M.P., and Paauw, D.S.A Guide to Primary Care of People with HIV/AIDS. Rockville, MD: Health Resources and Services Administration, 2004.
  533. Merikangas, K.R., Angst, J., Eaton, W., Canino, G., Rubio-Stipec, M., Wacker, H., Wittchen, H.U., Andrade, L., Essau, C., Whitaker, A., Kraemer, H., Robins, L.N., and Kupfer, D.J. Comorbidity and boundaries of affective disorders with anxiety disorders and substance misuse: Results of an international task force. The British Journal of Psychiatry (Supplement) (30):58–67, 1996. [PubMed: 8864150]
  534. Merrick, E.L., Garnick, D.W., Horgan, C.M., Goldin, D., Hodgkin, D., and Sciegaj, M.Benefits in behavioral health carve-out plans of Fortune 500 firms. Psychiatric Services52(7):943–948, 2001. [PubMed: 11433112]
  535. Meyers, R.J., Miller, W.R., Hill, D.E., and Tonigan, J.S.Community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT): Engaging unmotivated drug users in treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse10(3):291–308, 1998. [PubMed: 10689661]
  536. Miles, D.R., Svikis, D.S., Kulstad, J.L., and Haug, N.A.Psychopathology in pregnant drug-dependent women with and without comorbid alcohol dependence. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research25(7):1012–1017, 2001. [PubMed: 11505026]
  537. Miller, N.S.Psychiatric consequences of alcohol and drugs of abuse and addiction. In: Miller, N.S., ed. Pharmacology of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse and Addiction. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991. pp. 77–87.
  538. Miller, N.S.Comorbidity of psychiatric and alcohol/drug disorders: Interactions and independent status. Journal of Addictive Diseases12(3):5–16, 1993. [PubMed: 8251545]
  539. Miller, N.S., Belkin, B.M., and Gold, M.S.Multiple addictions: Co-synchronous use of alcohol and drugs. New York State Journal of Medicine90(12):596–600, 1990a. [PubMed: 2277677]
  540. Miller, N.S., and Flaherty, J.A.Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences): A review of the clinical research. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment18(1):9–16, 2000. [PubMed: 10636601]
  541. Miller, N.S., and Gold, M.S.Organic solvents and aerosols: An overview of abuse and dependence. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry2:85–92, 1990.
  542. Miller, N.S., and Gold, M.S.Abuse, addiction, tolerance, and dependence to benzodiazepines in medical and nonmedical populations. American Journal of Alcohol Abuse17(1):27–37, 1991a. [PubMed: 1674837]
  543. Miller, N.S., and Gold, M.S.Dual diagnoses: Psychiatric syndromes in alcoholism and drug addiction. American Family Physician43(6):2071–2076, 1991b. [PubMed: 2042549]
  544. Miller, N.S., and Gold, M.S.The psychiatrist's role in integrating pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for addictive disorders. Psychiatric Annals22(8):436–440, 1992.
  545. Miller, N.S., and Gold, M.S.Dissociation of “conscious desire” (craving) from and relapse in alcohol and cocaine dependence. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry6(2):99–106, 1994. [PubMed: 7804394]
  546. Miller, N.S., and Gold, M.S.Management of withdrawal syndromes and relapse prevention in drug and alcohol dependence. American Family Physician58(1):139–146, 1998. [PubMed: 9672434]
  547. Miller, N.S., Mahler, J.C., Belkin, B.M., and Gold, M.S.Psychiatric diagnosis in alcohol and drug dependence. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry3:79–89, 1991a.
  548. Miller, N.S., Mahler, J.C., and Gold, M.S.Suicide risk associated with drug and alcohol dependence. Journal of Addictive Diseases10(3):49–61, 1991b. [PubMed: 1932152]
  549. Miller, N.S., and Chappel, J.N.History of the disease concept. Psychiatric Annals21(4):196–205, 1991.
  550. Miller, N.S., Owley, T., and Eriksen, A.Working with drug/alcohol-addicted patients in crisis. Psychiatric Annals24(11):592–597, 1994.
  551. Miller, S.I., Frances, R.J., and Holmes, D.J.Psychotropic medications. In: Miller, W.R., ed. Alcoholism Treatment Approaches. New York: Pergamon Press, 1990b. pp. 231–241.
  552. Miller, W.R., Brown, J.M., Simpson, T.L., Handmaker, N.S., Bien, T.H., Luckie, L.F., Montgomery, H.A., Hester, R.K., and Tonigan, J.S.What works? A methodological analysis of the alcohol treatment outcome literature. In: Hester, R.K., and Miller, W.R., eds. Handbook of Alcoholism Treatment Approaches: Effective Alternatives. 2d ed.Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1995. pp. 12–44.
  553. Miller, W.R., Meyers, R.J., and Tonigan, J.S.Engaging the unmotivated in treatment for alcohol problems: A comparison of three strategies for intervention through family members. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology67(5):688–697, 1999. [PubMed: 10535235]
  554. Miller, W.R., and Rollnick, S.Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change. 2d ed.New York: Guilford Press, 2002.
  555. Miller, W.R., and Rollnick, S.Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People to Change Addictive Behavior. New York: Guilford Press, 1991.
  556. Miller, W.R., and Sanchez, V.C.Motivating young adults for treatment and lifestyle change. In: Howard, G.S., and Nathan, P.E., eds. Alcohol Use and Misuse by Young Adults. Notre Dame, IN: Notre Dame University Press, 1994. pp. 55–81.
  557. Minnis, J.R.Toward an understanding of alcohol abuse among the elderly: A sociological perspective. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education33(3):32–40, 1988.
  558. Miotto, K., Roth, B., and Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse. GHB Withdrawal Syndrome. Austin, TX: Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse, 2001.
  559. Mitchell, E.R.Fighting Drug Abuse With Acupuncture: Treatment That Works. Berkeley, CA: Pacific View Press, 1995.
  560. Mizes, J.S., Sloan, D.M., Pingitore, R., Seagraves, K., Spring, B., and Kristellar, J.The influence of weight-related variables on smoking cessation. Behavior Therapy29:371–385, 1998.
  561. Moak, D.H., and Anton, R.F.Alcohol-related seizures and the kindling effect of repeated detoxifications: The influence of cocaine. Alcohol and Alcoholism31(2):135–143, 1996. [PubMed: 8737008]
  562. Modesto-Lowe, V., and Kranzler, H.R.Diagnosis and treatment of alcohol-dependent patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Alcohol Research and Health23(2):144–149, 1999. [PMC free article: PMC6760422] [PubMed: 10890809]
  563. Moffic, H.S., and Kinzie, J.D.The history and future of cross-cultural psychiatric services. Community Mental Health Journal32(6):581–592, 1996. [PubMed: 8905230]
  564. Moggi, F., Ouimette, P.C., Finney, J.W., and Moos, R.H.Effectiveness of treatment for substance abuse and dependence for dual diagnosis patients: A model of treatment factors associated with one-year outcomes. Journal of Studies on Alcohol60(6):856–866, 1999. [PubMed: 10606499]
  565. Mojtabai, R., and Zivin, J.G.Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of four treatment modalities for substance disorders: A propensity score analysis. Health Services Research38(1):233–259, 2003. [PMC free article: PMC1360883] [PubMed: 12650390]
  566. Moller, H.J.Effectiveness and safety of benzodiazepines. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology19(6):2S–11S, 1999. [PubMed: 10587278]
  567. Morey, L.Patient placement criteria: Linking typologies to managed care. Alcohol Health and Research World20(1):36–44, 1996. [PMC free article: PMC6876533] [PubMed: 31798175]
  568. Moss, A.R., Hahn, J.A., Tulsky, J.P., Daley, C.L., Small, P.M., and Hopewell, P.C.Tuberculosis in the homeless. A prospective study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine162(2 Pt 1):460–464, 2000. [PubMed: 10934071]
  569. Motet-Grigoras, C.N., and Schuckit, M.A.Depression and substance abuse in handicapped young men. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry47(5):234–237, 1986. [PubMed: 2939063]
  570. Moylan, P.L., Jones, H.E., Haug, N.A., Kissin, W.B., and Svikis, D.S.Clinical and psychosocial characteristics of substance-dependent pregnant women with and without PTSD. Addictive Behaviors26:469–474, 2001. [PubMed: 11436939]
  571. Mulvaney, F.D., Alterman, A.I., Boardman, C.R., and Kampman, K.Cocaine abstinence symptomatology and treatment attrition. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment16(2):129–135, 1999. [PubMed: 10023610]
  572. Mumola, C.J.Substance Abuse and Treatment, State and Federal Prisoners, 1997. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report. NCJ 172871. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1999.
  573. Najavits, L.M., Gastfriend, D.R., Barber, J.P., Reif, S., Muenz, L.R., Blaine, J., Frank, A., Crits-Christoph, P., Thase, M., and Weiss, R.D.Cocaine dependence with and without PTSD among subjects in the National Institute on Drug Abuse Collaborative Cocaine Treatment Study. American Journal of Psychiatry155(2):214–219, 1998. [PubMed: 9464200]
  574. National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse. Shoveling Up: The Impact of Substance Abuse on State Budgets. New York: National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, 2001.
  575. National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. Uniform Alcoholism and Intoxication Treatment Act. Vail, CO: Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, 1971.
  576. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide. NIH Publication No. 00–4180. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, 1999.
  577. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Facts about drug abuse and hepatitis c. NIDA Notes15(1):1–3. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2000.
  578. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Inhalant Abuse. NIH Publication No. 05–3818. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, 2005.
  579. National Institutes of Health. Acupuncture. NIH Consensus Statement 1997 Nov 3–5. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, 1997.
  580. Nazrul Islam, S.K., Jahangir Hossain, K., Ahmed, A., and Ahsan, M.Nutritional status of drug addicts undergoing detoxification: Prevalence of malnutrition and influence of illicit drugs and lifestyle. British Journal of Nutrition88(5):507–513, 2004. [PubMed: 12425731]
  581. Nazrul Islam, S.K., Jahangir Hossain, K., and Ahsan, M.Serum vitamin E, C and A status of the drug addicts undergoing detoxification: Influence of drug habit, sexual practice and lifestyle factors. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition55(11):1022–1027, 2001. [PubMed: 11641753]
  582. Nebelkopf, E.Holistic program for the drug addict and alcoholic. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs13(4):345–351, 1981. [PubMed: 7040618]
  583. Nebelkopf, E.Herbal therapy in the treatment of drug use. International Journal of the Addictions22(8):695–717, 1987. [PubMed: 3316062]
  584. Nebelkopf, E.Herbs and substance abuse treatment: A 10-year perspective. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs20(3):349–354, 1988. [PubMed: 3069989]
  585. Nelipovich, M., and Buss, E.Alcohol abuse and persons who are blind: Treatment considerations. Alcohol Health and Research World13(2):129–131, 1989.
  586. Neu, H.C.Pneumonia. In: Stein, J.H., ed. Internal Medicine. 4th ed.St. Louis, MO: Mosby, pp. 1868–1876. 1994.
  587. Newman, C.F.Establishing and maintaining a therapeutic alliance with substance abuse patients: A cognitive therapy approach. In: Onken, L.S., Blaine, J., and Boren, J.D., eds. Beyond the Therapeutic Alliance: Keeping the Drug-Dependent Individual in Treatment. NIDA Research Monograph 165. NIH Publication No. 97–4142. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1997. pp. 181–206. [PubMed: 9243551]
  588. News and Notes. Study finds widespread implementation of managed behavioral health care programs in the public sector. Psychiatric Services50(2):278, 1999. [PubMed: 10030496]
  589. Niaura, R., Spring, B., Borrelli, B., Hedeker, D., Goldstein, M.G., Keuthen, N., DePue, J., Kristeller, J., Ockene, J., Prochazka, A., Chiles, J.A., and Abrams, D.B.Multicenter trial of fluoxetine as an adjunct to behavioral smoking cessation treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology70(4):887–896, 2002. [PMC free article: PMC1852538] [PubMed: 12182272]
  590. Nordahl, T.E., Salo, R., Natsuaki, Y., Galloway, G.P., Waters, C., Moore, C.D., Kile, S., and Buonocore, M.H.Methamphetamine users in sustained abstinence: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Archives of General Psychiatry62(4):444–452, 2005. [PubMed: 15809412]
  591. NIH Panel Issues Consensus Statement on Acupuncture. NIH News Release. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, 1997.
  592. Nutt, D., Adinoff, B., and Linnoila, M.Benzodiazepines in the treatment of alcoholism. Recent Developments in Alcoholism7:283–313, 1989. [PubMed: 2564689]
  593. O'Connor, P.G., and Kosten, T.R.Rapid and ultrarapid opioid detoxification techniques. Journal of the American Medical Association279(3):229–234, 1998. [PubMed: 9438745]
  594. Office of Applied Studies. Summary of Findings from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 01–3549. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2001.
  595. Office of Applied Studies. Results from the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Vol.1. Summary of National Findings. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse Series: H-17. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 02-3758. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2002a.
  596. Office of Applied Studies. National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N–SSATS): 2000. Data on Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities. DASIS Series: S-16. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 02-3668. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2002b.
  597. Office of Applied Studies. Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 1992–2000. National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services. Drug and Alcohol Services Information System Series: S-17. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2002c.
  598. Office of Applied Studies. The National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N–SSATS). The DASIS Report. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2003a.
  599. Office of Applied Studies. Overview of Findings from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. NHSDA Series H–21. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 03–3774. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2003b.
  600. Office of Applied Studies. Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 1992–2001. National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services, DASIS Series: S-20 HHS Publication No. (SMA) 03-3778 Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2003c.
  601. Office of Applied Studies. Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 1992–2002. Chapter 3—Characteristics of Admissions: 2002. National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services, DASIS Series: S-23 HHS Publication No. (SMA) 04-3965 Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2004.
  602. Office of Applied Studies. Overview of Findings from the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 05–4061. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2005a.
  603. Office of Applied Studies. Polydrug Admissions: 2002. The DASIS Report. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2005b.
  604. Office of Applied Studies. Results from the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 05–4062. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2005c.
  605. Office of Applied Studies. Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 1993–2003. National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services, DASIS Series: S-29 HHS Publication No. (SMA) 05-4118 Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2005d.
  606. Office of the Inspector General. Follow-up to Detoxification Services for Medicaid Beneficiaries. OEI-07-97-00270. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General, 1998.
  607. Office of National Drug Control Policy. National Drug Control Strategy. Washington, DC: Office of National Drug Control Policy, 1998.
  608. Office of National Drug Control Policy. National Drug Control Strategy. NCJ 192260. Washington, DC: Office of National Drug Control Policy, 2002.
  609. Okuyemi, K.S., Ahluwalia, J.S., and Harris, K.J.Pharmacotherapy of smoking cessation. Archives of Family Medicine9(3):270–281, 2000. [PubMed: 10728115]
  610. Onken, L.S., Blaine, J., and Boren, J.D., eds. Beyond the Therapeutic Alliance: Keeping the Drug-Dependent Individual in Treatment. NIDA Research Monograph 165. NIH Publication No. 97–4142. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1997.
  611. Oss, M.E., and Clary, J.H.Managed Behavioral Health Marketshare in the United States, 1998–1999. Gettysburg, PA: Open Minds, 1999.
  612. Parker, J.D.A brief telephone intervention targeting treatment engagement from a substance abuse program wait list. Journal of Behavior Health Services and Research29(3):288–303, 2002. [PubMed: 12216373]
  613. Parra, G.Welfare Reform and Substance Abuse: Innovative State Strategies. NHPF Issue Brief. Washington, DC: National Health Policy Forum, 2002. [PubMed: 11915905]
  614. Parrott, A.C., Sisk, E., and Turner, J.J.Psychobiological problems in heavy ‘ecstasy’ (MDMA) polydrug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence60(1):105–110, 2000. [PubMed: 10821995]
  615. Pelican, S., Batchelor, B., Belshaw, J., Osborn, W., Pearce, J., Przekurat, C., Schumacher, P., and Strauss, K.Nutrition services for alcohol/substance abuse clients. Indian Health Service's tribal survey provides insight. Journal of the American Dietetic Association94(8):835–836, 1994. [PubMed: 8046172]
  616. Pena, J.M., Bland, I.J., Shervington, D., Rice, J.C., and Foulks, E.F.Racial identity and its assessment in a sample of African-American men in treatment for cocaine dependence. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse26(1):97–112, 2000. [PubMed: 10718166]
  617. Penick, E.C., Powell, B.J., Nickel, E.J., Bingham, S.F., Riesenmy, K.R., Read, M.R., and Campbell, J.Comorbidity of lifetime psychiatric disorder among male alcoholic patients. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research18(6):1289–1293, 1994. [PubMed: 7695019]
  618. Perez-Stable, E.J., Herrera, B., Jacob, P., and Benowitz, N.L.Nicotine metabolism and intake in black and white smokers. Journal of the American Medical Association280(2):152–156, 1998. [PubMed: 9669788]
  619. Perine, J.L., and Schare, M.L.Effect of counselor and client education in nicotine addiction on smoking in substance abusers. Addictive Behaviors24(3):443–447, 1999. [PubMed: 10400284]
  620. Perkins, K.A.Smoking cessation in women. Special considerations. CNS Drugs15(5):391–411, 2001. [PubMed: 11475944]
  621. Perkins, K.A., Marcus, M.D., Levine, M.D., D'Amico, D., Miller, A., Broge, M., Ashcom, J., and Shiffman, S.Cognitive-behavioral therapy to reduce weight concerns improves smoking cessation outcome in weight-concerned women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology69(4):604–613, 2001. [PubMed: 11550727]
  622. Perrin, E.B., and Koshel, J.J., eds. Assessment of Performance Measures for Public Health, Substance Abuse, and Mental Health. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1997. [PubMed: 25121205]
  623. Perucca, E., and Crema, A.Plasma protein binding of drugs in pregnancy. Clinical Pharmacokinetics7(4):336–352, 1982. [PubMed: 6749369]
  624. Peters, R.G., May, R.L., and Kearns, W.D.Drug treatment in jails: Results of a nationwide survey. Journal of Criminal Justice20(4):283–295, 1992.
  625. Pfab, R., Hirtl, C., and Zilker, T.Opiate detoxification under anesthesia: No apparent benefit but suppression of thyroid hormones and risk of pulmonary and renal failure. Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology37(1):43–50, 1999. [PubMed: 10078159]
  626. Physicians' Desk Reference. 58th ed.Oradell, NJ: Medical Economics, 2004.
  627. Pi, E.H., and Gray, G.E.A cross-cultural perspective on psychopharmacology. In: The Hatherleigh Guide to Psychopharmacology. New York: Hatherleigh Press, 1999. pp. 327–358.
  628. Pires, S., Stroul, B., and Armstrong, M.Health Care Reform Tracking Project: Tracking State Managed Care Reforms as They Affect Children and Adolescents with Behavioral Health Disorders and Their Families – 1999 Impact Analysis. Tampa, FL: Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, 2000.
  629. Pitts, W.R., Lange, R.A., Cigarroa, J.E., and Hillis, L.D.Cocaine-induced myocardial ischemia and infarction: Pathophysiology, recognition, and management. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases40(1):65–76, 1999. [PubMed: 9247556]
  630. Pokorny, A.D., Miller, B.A., and Kaplan, H.B.The brief MAST: A shortened version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test. American Journal of Psychiatry129(3):342–345, 1972. [PubMed: 5053717]
  631. Polednak, A.P.Recent trends in incidence rates for selected alcohol-related cancers in the United States. Alcohol and Alcoholism40(3):234–238, 2005. [PubMed: 15797879]
  632. Pond, S.M., Kreek, M.J., Tong, T.G., Raghunath, J., and Benowitz, N.L.Altered methadone pharmacokinetics in methadone-maintained pregnant women. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics233(1):1–6, 1985. [PubMed: 3981450]
  633. Pope, H.G., Katz, D.L., and Hudson, J.I.Anorexia nervosa and “reverse anorexia” among 108 male bodybuilders. Comprehensive Psychiatry34(6):406–409, 1993. [PubMed: 8131385]
  634. Post, R.M., Uhde, T.W., Roy-Byrne, P.P., and Joffe, R.T.Correlates of antimanic response to carbamazepine. Psychiatry Research21(1):71–83, 1987. [PubMed: 2885878]
  635. Potter, J.F., and James, O.F.Clinical features and prognosis of alcoholic liver disease in respect of advancing age. Gerontology33(6):380–387, 1987. [PubMed: 3443312]
  636. Prater, C.D., Miller, K.E., and Zylstra, R.G.Outpatient detoxification of the addicted or alcoholic patient. American Family Physician60(4):1175–1183, 1999. [PubMed: 10507746]
  637. Project MATCH Research Group. Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity: Project MATCH posttreatment drinking outcomes. Journal of Studies on Alcohol58(1):7–29, 1997. [PubMed: 8979210]
  638. Rathlev, N.K., D'Onofrio, G., Fish, S.S., Harrison, P.M., Bernstein, E., Hossack, R.W., and Pickens, L.The lack of efficacy of phenytoin in the prevention of recurrent alcohol-related seizures. Annals of Emergency Medicine23(3):513–518, 1994. [PubMed: 8135426]
  639. Rawson, R., McCann, M., Huber, A., and Shoptaw, S.Contingency management and relapse prevention as stimulant abuse treatment interventions. In: Higgins, S.T., ed. Motivating Behavior Change Among Illicit-Drug Abusers: Research on Contingency Management Interventions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1999. pp. 57–74.
  640. Reilly, P.M., and Shopshire, M.S.Anger Management for Substance Abuse and Mental Health Clients: A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Manual. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 02–3756. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 2002.
  641. Remler, D.K., Gray, B.M., and Newhouse, J.P.Does managed care mean more hassle for physicians?Inquiry37(3):304–316, 2000. [PubMed: 11111287]
  642. Reoux, J.P., Saxon, A.J., Malte, C.A., Baer, J., and Sloan, K.Divalproex Sodium in alcohol withdrawal: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research25(9):1324–1329, 2001. [PubMed: 11584152]
  643. Resnick, R.B., Kestenbaum, R.S., Washton, A., and Poole, D.Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal: A method for rapid induction onto naltrexone. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics21(4):409–413, 1977. [PubMed: 849672]
  644. Rhem, K.T.Drug, Alcohol Treatment Available to DoD Beneficiaries. American Forces Information Service News Articles. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Defense, 2001.
  645. Rickels, K., Demartinis, N., Rynn, M., and Mandos, L.Pharmacologic strategies for discontinuing benzodiazepine treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology19(6 Suppl 2):12S–16S, 1999. [PubMed: 10587279]
  646. Rickels, K., Schweizer, E., Case, W.G., and Greenblatt, D.J.Long-term therapeutic use of benzodiazepines. I. Effects of abrupt discontinuation. Archives of General Psychiatry47(10):899–907, 1990. [PubMed: 2222129]
  647. Riordan, C.E., and Kleber, H.D.Rapid opiate detoxification with clonidine and naloxone. Lancet1(8177):1079–1080, 1980. [PubMed: 6103408]
  648. Ro, M.Moving forward: Addressing the health of Asian American and Pacific Islander women. American Journal of Public Health92(4):516–519, 2002. [PMC free article: PMC1447107] [PubMed: 11919042]
  649. Robert, E., Reuvers, M., and Shaefer, C.Antiepileptics. In: Schaefer, C.H., ed. Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation: Handbook of Prescription Drugs and Comparative Risk Assessment: With Updated Information on Recreational Drugs. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001. pp. 46–57.
  650. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Substance Abuse: The Nation's Number One Health Problem. Key Indicators for Policy. Princeton, NJ: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2001.
  651. Robins, L.N., and Regier, D.A., eds. Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. New York: Free Press, 1991.
  652. Rodgers, J.Cognitive performance amongst recreational users of “ecstasy.”Psychopharmacology151(1):19–24, 2000. [PubMed: 10958112]
  653. Rodgers, J.H., and Barnett, P.G.Two separate tracks? A national multivariate analysis of differences between public and private substance abuse treatment programs. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse26(3):429–442, 2000. [PubMed: 10976667]
  654. Roman, P.M., Blum, T.C., and Johnson, A.National Treatment Center Study: Six and Twelve Month Follow-up Summary Report. Athens, GA: University of Georgia, Institute for Behavioral Research, 1997.
  655. Ron, M.A.Volatile substance abuse: A review of possible long-term neurological, intellectual and psychiatric sequelae. British Journal of Psychiatry148:235–246, 1986. [PubMed: 3013354]
  656. Rosenbaum, S., Teitelbaum, J., and Mauery, D.R.An Analysis of the Medicaid IMD Exclusion. Washington, DC: GWU School of Public Health and Health Services, 2002.
  657. Rosenberg, M.H., Deerfield, L.J., Baruch, E.M.Two cases of severe gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal delirium on a psychiatric unit: Recommendations for management. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse29(2):487–496, 2003. [PubMed: 12765217]
  658. Rosin, A.J., and Glatt, M.M.Alcohol excess in the elderly. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol32 (1):53–59., 1971. [PubMed: 5546053]
  659. Rouse, B.A., Carter, J.H., and Rodriguez-Andrew, S.Race/ethnicity and other sociocultural influences on alcoholism treatment for women. In: Galanter, M., ed. Recent Developments in Alcoholism, Vol. 12: Alcoholism and Women. New York: Plenum Press, 1995. pp. 343–367. [PubMed: 7624552]
  660. Royer, C.M., Dickson-Fuhrmann, E., McDermott, C.H., Taylor, S., Rosansky, J.S., and Jarvik, L.F.Portraits of change: Case studies from an elder-specific addiction program. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology13(3):130–133, 2000. [PubMed: 11001135]
  661. Rubin, A., and Gastfriend, D.R.Patient placement criteria and their relation to access to appropriate level of care and engagement in alcoholism treatment. Recent Developments in Alcoholism15:157–76:157–176, 2001. [PubMed: 11449740]
  662. Rubinstein, G.The State of State Policy on TANF & Addiction: Findings from the Survey of State Policies and Practices to Address Alcohol and Drug Problems Among TANF. Washington, DC: The Legal Action Center, 2002.
  663. Russell, M., Martier, S.S., Sokol, R.J., Mudar, P., Bottoms, S., Jacobson, S., and Jacobson, J.Screening for pregnancy risk-drinking. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research18(5):1156–1161, 1994. [PubMed: 7847599]
  664. Rychtarik, R.G., Connors, G.J., Whitney, R.B., McGillicuddy, N.B., Fitterling, J.M., and Wirtz, P.W.Treatment settings for persons with alcoholism: Evidence for matching clients to inpatient versus outpatient care. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology68(2):277–289, 2000. [PubMed: 10780128]
  665. Sadd, S., and Young, D.W. Nonmedical treatment of indigent alcoholics: A review of recent research findings. Alcohol Health and Research World (Spring):48–53, 1987. [PubMed: 10282498]
  666. Saitz, R., Mayo-Smith, M.F., Roberts, M.S., Redmond, H.A., Bernard, D.R., and Calkins, D.R.Individualized treatment for alcohol withdrawal. A randomized double-blind controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association272(7):519–523, 1994. [PubMed: 8046805]
  667. Salloum, I.M., and Thase, M.E.Impact of substance abuse on the course and treatment of bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders2(3 Pt. 2):269–280, 2000. [PubMed: 11249805]
  668. Samet, J.H., Friedmann, P.D., and Saitz, R.Benefits of linking primary medical care and substance abuse services: Patient, provider, and societal perspectives. Archives of Internal Medicine161(1):85–91, 2001. [PubMed: 11146702]
  669. Santolaria-Fernandez, F.J., Gomez-Sirvent, J.L., Gonzalez-Reimers, C.E., Batista-Lopez, J.N., Jorge-Hernandez, J.A., Rodriguez-Moreno, F., Martinez-Riera, A., and Hernandez-Garcia, M.T.Nutritional assessment of drug addicts. Drug and Alcohol Dependence38(1):11–18, 1995. [PubMed: 7648992]
  670. Saremi, A., Hanson, R.L., Williams, D.E., Roumain, J., Robin, R.W., Long, J.C., Goldman, D., and Knowler, W.C.Validity of the CAGE questionnaire in an American Indian population. Journal of Studies on Alcohol62(3):294–300, 2001. [PubMed: 11414338]
  671. Satel, S.L., Price, L.H., Palumbo, J.M., McDougle, C.J., Krystal, J.H., Gawin, F., Charney, D.S., Heninger, G.R., and Kleber, H.D.Clinical phenomenology and neurobiology of cocaine abstinence: A prospective inpatient study. American Journal of Psychiatry148:1712–1716, 1991. [PubMed: 1957935]
  672. Saunders, J.B., Aasland, O.G., Babor, T.F., de la Fuente, J.R., and Grant, M.Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption—-II. Addiction88(6):791–804, 1993. [PubMed: 8329970]
  673. Saunders, P.A.Epidemiology of alcohol problems and drinking patterns. In: John, R.M., Copeland, M.T., Aboou-Saleh, M.T., and Blazer, D.G., eds. Principles and Practice of Geriatric Psychiatry. New York: Wiley, 1994. pp. 801–805.
  674. Schaefer, C.H.Recreational drugs. In: Schaefer, C.H., ed. Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation: Handbook of Prescription Drugs and Comparative Risk Assessment: With Updated Information on Recreational Drugs. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001. pp. 214–224.
  675. Schatz, B., and O'Hanlan, K.Anti-Gay Discrimination in Medicine: Results of a National Survey of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Physicians. San Francisco: American Association of Physicians for Human Rights (AAPHR), 1994.
  676. Schneider, U., Altmann, A., Baumann, M., Bernzen, J., Bertz, B., Bimber, U., Broese, T., Broocks, A., Burtscheidt, W., Cimander, K.F., Degkwitz, P., Driessen, M., Ehrenreich, H., Fischbach, E., Folkerts, H., Frank, H., Gurth, D., Havemann-Reinecke, U., Heber, W., Heuer, J., Hingsammer, A., Jacobs, S., Krampe, H., Lange, W., Lay, T., Leimbach, M., Lemke, M.R., Leweke, M., Mangholz, A., Massing, W., Meyenberg, R., Porzig, J., Quattert, T., Redner, C., Ritzel, G., Rollnik, J.D., Sauvageoll, R., Schlafke, D., Schmid, G., Schroder, H., Schwichtenberg, U., Schwoon, D., Seifert, J., Sickelmann, I., Sieveking, C.F., Spiess, C., Stiegemann, H.H., Stracke, R., Straetgen, H.D., Subkowski, P., Thomasius, R., Tretzel, H., Verner, L.J., Vitens, J., Wagner, T., Weirich, S., Weiss, I., Wendorff, T., Wetterling, T., Wiese, B., and Wittfoot, J.Comorbid anxiety and affective disorder in alcohol-dependent patients seeking treatment: The first multi-centre study in Germany. Alcohol and Alcoholism36(3):219–223, 2001. [PubMed: 11373258]
  677. Schoenbaum, M., Zhang, W., and Sturm, R.Costs and utilization of substance abuse care in a privately insured population under managed care. Psychiatric Services49(12):1573–1578, 1998. [PubMed: 9856619]
  678. Schonfeld, L., and Dupree, L.W.Treatment approaches for older problem drinkers. International Journal of the Addictions30(13–14):1819–1842, 1995. [PubMed: 8751320]
  679. Schuckit, M.A.Alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders. Hospital and Community Psychiatry34(11):1022–1027, 1983. [PubMed: 6642446]
  680. Schuckit, M.A.Dual diagnosis: Psychiatric picture among substance abusers. In: Miller, N.S., ed. Principles of Addiction Medicine. 1st ed.Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 1994.
  681. Schuckit, M.A.Drug and Alcohol Abuse: A Clinical Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment. 5th ed.New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000.
  682. Schuckit, M.A., and Monteiro, M.G.Alcoholism, anxiety and depression. British Journal of Addiction83(12):1373–1380, 1988. [PubMed: 3233407]
  683. Schuh, K.J., Schuh, L.M., Henningfield, J.E., and Stitzer, M.L.Nicotine nasal spray and vapor inhaler: Abuse liability assessment. Psychopharmacology130(4):352–361, 1997. [PubMed: 9160851]
  684. Schuylze-Delrieu, K.S., and Summers, R.W.Esophageal diseases. In: Stein, J.H., ed. Internal Medicine. 4th ed.St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1994. pp. 390–402.
  685. Schweizer, E., Rickels, K., Case, W.G., and Greenblatt, D.J.Long-term therapeutic use of benzodiazepines. II. Effects of gradual taper. Archives of General Psychiatry47(10):908–915, 1990. [PubMed: 2222130]
  686. Schweizer, E., Rickels, K., Weiss, S., and Zavodnick, S.Maintenance drug treatment of panic disorder: I. Results of a prospective, placebo-controlled comparison of alprazolam and imipramine. Archives of General Psychiatry50(1):51–60, 1993. [PubMed: 8422222]
  687. Scialli, A.Hormones. In: Schaefer, C.H., ed. Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation: Handbook of Prescription Drugs and Comparative Risk Assessment: With Updated Information on Recreational Drugs. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001. pp. 132–148.
  688. Scott, R.B.Alcohol effects in the elderly. Comprehensive Therapy15(6):8–12, 1989. [PubMed: 2661128]
  689. Sees, K.L., and Clark, H.W.When to begin smoking cessation in substance abusers. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment10(2):189–195, 1993. [PubMed: 8510193]
  690. Sees, K.L., Delucchi, K.L., Masson, C., Rosen, A., and Clark, H.W.Methadone maintenance vs. 180-day psychosocially enriched detoxification for treatment of opioid dependence. Journal of the American Medical Association283(10):1303–1310, 2000. [PubMed: 10714729]
  691. Self-reported frequent mental distress among adults—United States, 1993–1996. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report47(16):326–331, 1998. [PubMed: 9583900]
  692. Sellers, E.M., and Naranjo, C.A.Strategies for improving the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. In: Naranjo, C.A., and Sellers, E.M., eds. Research Advances in New Psychopharmacological Treatments for Alcoholism. New York: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1985. pp. 157–170.
  693. Semansky, R.M., Koyanagi, C., and Vandivort-Warren, R.Behavioral health screening policies in Medicaid programs nationwide. Psychiatric Services54(5):736–739, 2003. [PubMed: 12719507]
  694. Seoane, A., Carrasco, G., Cabre, L., Puiggros, A., Hernandez, E., Alvarez, M., Costa, J., Molina, R., and Sobrepere, G.Efficacy and safety of two new methods of rapid intravenous detoxification in heroin addicts previously treated without success. British Journal of Psychiatry171:340–345, 1997. [PubMed: 9373422]
  695. Seppa, K., and Sillanaukee, P.Women, alcohol, and red cells. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research18(5):1168–1171, 1994. [PubMed: 7847601]
  696. Serfaty, M., and Masterton, G. Fatal poisonings attributed to benzodiazepines in Britain during the 1980s. British Journal of Psychiatry 163:386–393, 1993. [PubMed: 8104653]
  697. Seymour, R.B., and Smith, D.E.Drugfree: A Unique, Positive Approach to Staying Off Alcohol and Other Drugs. New York: Facts on File Publications, 1987.
  698. Shaffer, H.J., and Simoneau, G.Reducing resistance and denial by exercising ambivalence during the treatment of addiction. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment20(1):99–105, 2001. [PubMed: 11239735]
  699. Shannon, M., and Quang, L.S.Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone, and 1,4-butanediol: A case report and review of the literature. Pediatric Emergency Care16(6):435–440, 2000. [PubMed: 11138892]
  700. Shaw, G.K.Detoxification: The use of benzodiazepines. Alcohol and Alcoholism30(6):765–770, 1995. [PubMed: 8679017]
  701. Shaw, G.K., Waller, S., Latham, C.J., Dunn, G., and Thomson, A.D.The detoxification experience of alcoholic in-patients and predictors of outcome. Alcohol and Alcoholism33(3):291–303, 1998. [PubMed: 9632055]
  702. Shiffman, S.M.Relapse following smoking cessation: A situational analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology50(1):71–86, 1982. [PubMed: 7056922]
  703. Shiffman, S.M., Paty, J.A., Rohay, J.M., Di Marino, M.E., and Gitchell, J.The efficacy of computer-tailored smoking cessation material as a supplement to nicotine polacrilex gum therapy. Archives of Internal Medicine160(11):1675–1681, 2000. [PubMed: 10847261]
  704. Shulman, G.D.Substance abuse treatment: The missing link. Managed care hates overtreatment and providers despise “undertreatment.”Behavioral Health Management18(4):34–36, 1998.
  705. Shwartz, M., Sahz, R., Mulvey, R., and Brannigan, P.Value of acupuncture detoxification programs in a substance abuse treatment system. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment17(4):305–312, 1999. [PubMed: 10587932]
  706. Silagy, C., Mant, D., Fowler, G., and Lancaster, T.Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3):CD000146, 2000. [PubMed: 10908462]
  707. Simko, M.D., Cowell, C., and Gilbride, J.A.Nutrition Assessment: A Comprehensive Guide for Planning Intervention. 2nd ed.Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, 1995.
  708. Simpson, D.D., Joe, G.W., Rowan-Szal, G.A., and Greener, J.M.Drug abuse treatment process components that improve retention. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment14(6):565–572, 1997. [PubMed: 9437628]
  709. Singer, J., and Lindamood, K.Crisis of Access II: Fewer addiction services delivered through managed care; Medicaid managed care weakens public addiction treatment system. The Abell Report13(5):1–12, 2000.
  710. Sivilotti, M.L., Burns, M.J., Aaron, C.K., and Greenberg, M.J.Pentobarbital for severe gamma-butyrolactone withdrawal. Annals of Emergency Medicine38(6):660–665, 2001. [PubMed: 11719746]
  711. Sladen, B.J., and Mozdzierz, G.J.An MMPI scale to predict premature termination from inpatient alcohol treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychology41(6):855–862, 1985. [PubMed: 4078014]
  712. Smart, R.G.Young alcoholics in treatment: Their characteristics and recovery rates at follow-up. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research3(1):19–23, 1979. [PubMed: 371445]
  713. Smith, M., and Lin, K.M.A biological, environmental, and cultural basis for ethnic differences in treatment. In: Kato, P.M., and Mann, T., eds. Handbook of Diversity Issues in Health Psychology. New York: Plenum Press, 1996. pp. 389–406.
  714. Socas, L., Zumbado, M., Perez-Luzardo, O., Ramos, A., Perez, C., Hernandez, J.R., and Boada, L.D.Hepatocellular adenomas associated with anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in bodybuilders: A report of two cases and a review of the literature. British Journal of Sports Medicine39(5):e27, 2005. [PMC free article: PMC1725213] [PubMed: 15849280]
  715. Sonne, S.C., and Brady, K.T.Substance abuse and bipolar comorbidity. Psychiatric Clinics of North America22(3):609–627, 1999. [PubMed: 10550858]
  716. Soodini, G., and Morgan, J.P.Can cocaine abuse exacerbate the cardiac toxicity of human immunodeficiency virus?Clinical Cardiology24(3):177–181, 2001. [PMC free article: PMC6655155] [PubMed: 11288961]
  717. Spencer, S.S.Tuberculosis: Facing new threats from an old enemy. Corrections Today54(7):98, 100, 102–103, 1992.
  718. Spiegel, D.A.Psychological strategies for discontinuing benzodiazepine treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology19(6 Suppl 2):17S–22S, 1999. [PubMed: 10587280]
  719. Spray, J.R., and Jones, S.M.The Use of Acupuncture in Drug Addiction Treatment. News Briefs. Washington, DC: National Drug Strategy Network, 1995.
  720. Stark, M.J., Campbell, B.K., and Brinkerhoff, C.V.“Hello, may we help you?” A study of attrition prevention at the time of the first phone contact with substance-abusing clients. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse16(1 and 2):67–76, 1990. [PubMed: 2330937]
  721. Stedman, T.L.Stedman's Medical Dictionary. 25th ed.Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1990.
  722. Steenrod, S., Brisson, A., McCarty, D., and Hodgkin, D.Effects of managed care on programs and practices for the treatment of alcohol and drug dependence. Recent Developments in Alcoholism15:51–71, 2001. [PubMed: 11449757]
  723. Stein, B., Orlando, M., and Sturm, R.The effect of copayments on drug and alcohol treatment following inpatient detoxification under managed care. Psychiatric Services51(2):195–198, 2000. [PubMed: 10655002]
  724. Stein, J.H., ed. Internal Medicine. 4th ed.St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book, Inc., 1994.
  725. Stevens, S.J., Estrada, A.L., Glider, P.J., and McGrath, R.A.Ethnic and cultural differences in drug-using women who are in and out of treatment. Drugs and Society13(1-2):81–95, 1997.
  726. Stine, S.M., Greenwald, M.K., and Kosten, T.R.Ultra Rapid Opiate Detoxification. In: Graham, A.W., Schultz, T.K., Mayo-Smith, M.F., Ries, R.K., and Wilford, B.B., eds. Principles of Addiction Medicine. 3d ed.Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2003. pp. 668–669.
  727. Stitzer, M.L., and Higgins, S.T.Behavioral treatment of drug and alcohol abuse. In: Bloom, F.E., and Kupfer, D., eds. Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress. New York: Raven Press, 1995. pp. 1807–1819.
  728. Strakowski, S.M., and DelBello, M.P.The co-occurrence of bipolar and substance use disorders. Clinical Psychology Review20(2):191–206, 2000. [PubMed: 10721497]
  729. Strobbe, S., Brower, K.J., and Galen, L.W.Predicting completion of outpatient opioid detoxification with clonidine. American Journal on Addictions12(3):260–269, 2003. [PubMed: 12851022]
  730. Stuyt, E.B.Recovery rates after treatment for alcohol/drug dependence: Tobacco users vs. non-tobacco users. American Journal on Addictions6(2):159–167, 1997. [PubMed: 9134078]
  731. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 (DATA 2000). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2002.
  732. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Summary Report—A National Call to Action: Eliminating the Use of Seclusion and Restraint. SAMHSA Matrix: Seclusion and Restraint. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2003.
  733. Sue, D.Multicultural training. International Journal of Intercultural Relations21(2):175–193, 1997.
  734. Sue, D.W., and Sue, D.Counseling the Culturally Different: Theory and Practice. 3d ed.New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1999.
  735. Sue, S.Community mental health services to minority groups: Some optimism, some pessimism. American Psychologist32(8):616–624, 1977. [PubMed: 889163]
  736. Sullivan, J.T., Sykora, K., Schneiderman, J., Naranjo, C.A., and Sellers, E.M.Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: The revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). British Journal of Addiction84(11):1353–1357, 1989. [PubMed: 2597811]
  737. Sullivan, M.L., Martinez, C.M., and Gallagher, E.J.Atrial fibrillation and anabolic steroids. Journal of Emergency Medicine17(5):851–857, 1999. [PubMed: 10499702]
  738. Summers, J., Zisook, S., Atkinson, J.H., Sciolla, A., Whitehall, W., Brown, S., Patterson, T., and Grant, I.Psychiatric morbidity associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related grief resolution. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease183(6):384–389, 1995. [PubMed: 7798087]
  739. Sutocky, J.W., Shultz, J.M., and Kizer, K.W. Alcohol-related mortality in California, 1980 to 1989. American Journal of Public Health 83(6):817–823, 1993. [PMC free article: PMC1694745] [PubMed: 8498618]
  740. Sutton, L.R., and Hinderliter, S.A.Diazepam abuse in pregnant women on methadone maintenance. Implications for the neonate. Clinical Pediatrics29(2):108–111, 1990. [PubMed: 2302898]
  741. Svikis, D.S., Golden, A.S., Huggins, G.R., and Pickens, R.W.Cost-effectiveness of treatment for drug-abusing pregnant women. Drug and Alcohol Dependence45(1-2):105–113, 1997. [PubMed: 9179512]
  742. Swift, R.M., and Miller, N.S.Integration of health care economics for addiction treatment in clinic care. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs29(3):255–262, 1997. [PubMed: 9339857]
  743. Tamerin, J.S., and Mendelson, J.H.The psychodynamics of chronic inebriation: Observations of alcoholics during the process of drinking in an experimental group setting. American Journal of Psychiatry125(7):886–899, 1969. [PubMed: 5765626]
  744. Tang, W.W.H., and Bigby, J.Cultural perspectives on substance abuse. In: Friedman, L., Fleming, N., Roberts, D., and Hyman, S.E., eds. Source Book of Substance Abuse and Addiction. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1996. pp. 41–36.
  745. Tarasoff v. Regents of Univ of CA. 17 Cal.3d 425 (1976), 1976.
  746. Thase, M.E., Salloum, I.M., and Cornelius, J.D.Comorbid alcoholism and depression: Treatment issues. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry62(Suppl 20):32–41, 2001. [PubMed: 11584873]
  747. Thomas-Knight, R.Treating Alcoholism Among the Aged: The Effectiveness of a Special Treatment Program for Older Problem Drinkers. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas, 1978.
  748. Thompson, M.P., and Kingree, J.B.The frequency and impact of violent trauma among pregnant substance abusers. Addictive Behaviors23(2):257–262, 1998. [PubMed: 9573429]
  749. Thornton, C.C., Gottheil, E., Weinstein, S.P., and Kerachsky, R.S.Patient-treatment matching in substance abuse: Drug addiction severity. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment15(6):505–511, 1998. [PubMed: 9845864]
  750. Thurman, P.J., Swaim, R.C., and Plested, B.Intervention and treatment of ethnic minority substance abusers. In: Aponte, J.F., and Rivers, R.Y., eds. Psychological Interventions and Cultural Diversity. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1995. pp. 215–233.
  751. Tonigan, J.S., Toscova, R., and Miller, W.R.Meta-analysis of the literature on Alcoholics Anonymous: Sample and study characteristics moderate findings. Journal of Studies on Alcohol57(1):65–72, 1996. [PubMed: 8747503]
  752. Tonnesen, H., and Kehlet, H.Preoperative alcoholism and postoperative morbidity. British Journal of Surgery86(7):869–874, 1999. [PubMed: 10417555]
  753. Trachtenberg, A.I.Testimony to the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy, December 18, 2000. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2000.
  754. Trevillyan, J., and Carroll, P.J.Management of portal hypertension and esophageal varices in alcoholic cirrhosis. American Family Physician55(5):1851–1858, 1997. [PubMed: 9105210]
  755. Trudeau, D.L., Isenhart, C., and Silversmith, D.Efficacy of smoking cessation strategies in a treatment program. Journal of Addictive Diseases14(1):109–116, 1995. [PubMed: 7632744]
  756. Tsai, G.E., Ragan, P., Change, R., Chen, S., Linnoila, M.I., and Coyle, J.T.Increased glutamatergic neurotransmission and oxidative stress after alcohol withdrawal. American Journal of Psychiatry155(6):726–732, 1998. [PubMed: 9619143]
  757. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation: A Report of the Surgeon General. HHS Publication No. (CDC) 90–8416. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, Office on Smoking and Health, 1990.
  758. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Tobacco Use Among U.S. Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups–African Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1998.
  759. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, 1999.
  760. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000a.
  761. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing Tobacco Use: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2000b.
  762. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity. A Supplement to Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, 2001.
  763. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Regional Differences in Indian Health 1998–99. Rockville, MD: Indian Health Service, 2002a.
  764. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse—-A National Challenge Prevention, Treatment and Research at HHS. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2-27-2002b.
  765. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse—A National Challenge: Prevention, Treatment and Research at HHS. Fact Sheet. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2003.
  766. Van Hoozen, B.E., and Cross, C.E.Marijuana. Respiratory tract effects. Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology15(3):243–269, 1997. [PubMed: 9358987]
  767. Vega, W.A., Kolody, B., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alderete, E., Catalano, R., and Caraveo-Anduaga, J.Lifetime prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders among urban and rural Mexican Americans in California. Archives of General Psychiatry55(9):771–778, 1998. [PubMed: 9736002]
  768. Victor, M., and Adams, R.D.The effects of alcohol on the nervous system. Proceedings of the Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease32:525–573, 1953. [PubMed: 13134661]
  769. Vining, E., Kosten, T.R., and Kleber, H.D.Clinical utility of rapid clonidine-naltrex-one detoxification for opioid abusers. British Journal of Addiction83(5):567–575, 1988. [PubMed: 3382815]
  770. Voas, R.B., and Fisher, D.A.Court procedures for handling intoxicated drivers. Alcohol Research and Health25(1):32–42, 2002. [PMC free article: PMC6707116] [PubMed: 11496964]
  771. Volk, R.J., Steinbauer, J.R., Cantor, S.B., and Holzer, C.E., III. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as a screen for at-risk drinking in primary care patients of different racial/ethnic backgrounds. Addiction92(2):197–206, 1997. [PubMed: 9158231]
  772. Waksman, J., Taylor, R.N., Bodor, G.S., Daly, F.F., Jolliff, H.A., and Dart, R.C.Acute myocardial infarction associated with amphetamine use. Mayo Clinic Proceedings76(3):323–326, 2001. [PubMed: 11243281]
  773. Walsh, D.C., Hingson, R.W., Merrigan, D.M., Levenson, S.M., Cupples, L.A., Heeren, T., Coffman, G.A., Becker, C.A., Barker, T.A., and Hamilton, S.K.A randomized trial of treatment options for alcohol-abusing workers. New England Journal of Medicine325(11):775–782, 1991. [PubMed: 1870651]
  774. Walsh, S.L., Preston, K.L., Stitzer, M.L., Cone, E.J., and Bigelow, G.E.Clinical pharmacology of buprenorphine: Ceiling effects at high doses. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics55(5):569–580, 1994. [PubMed: 8181201]
  775. Wartenberg, A.A., Nirenberg, T.D., Liepman, M.R., Silvia, L.Y., Begin, A.M., and Monti, P.M.Detoxification of alcoholics: Improving care by symptom-triggered sedation. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research14(1):71–75, 1990. [PubMed: 2178476]
  776. Washburn, A.M., Fullilove, R.E., Fullilove, M.T., Keenan, P.A., McGee, B., Morris, K.A., Sorensen, J.L., and Clark, W.W.Acupuncture heroin detoxification: A single-blind clinical trial. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment10(4):345–351, 1993. [PubMed: 8411294]
  777. Weddington, W.W., Brown, B.S., Haertzen, C.A., Cone, E.J., Dax, E.M., Herning, R.I., and Michaelson, B.S.Changes in mood, craving, and sleep during short-term abstinence reported by male cocaine addicts: A controlled residential study. Archives of General Psychiatry47(September):861–868, 1990. [PubMed: 2393345]
  778. Weisner, C., Mertens, J., Tam, T., and Moore, C.Factors affecting the initiation of substance abuse treatment in managed care. Addiction96(5):705–716, 2001. [PubMed: 11331029]
  779. Wesson, D.R., and Smith, D.E.Cocaine: Treatment perspectives. In: Kozel, N.J., and Adams, E.H., eds. Cocaine Use in America: Epidemiologic and Clinical Perspectives. NIDA Research Monograph No. 61. HHS Publication No. ADM 85–1414. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1985. pp. 193–203.
  780. West, P.M., and Graham, K.Clients speak: Participatory evaluation of a nonconfrontational addictions treatment program for older adults. Journal of Aging and Health11(4):540–564, 1999. [PubMed: 10848077]
  781. Westermeyer, J.Substance-related disorders. In: Ammerman, R.T., and Hersen, M., eds. Handbook of Prevention and Treatment With Children and Adolescents: Intervention in the Real World Context. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1997. pp. 604–628.
  782. Westermeyer, J., and Neider, J.Predicting treatment outcome after ten years among American Indian alcoholics. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research8(2):179–184, 1984. [PubMed: 6375429]
  783. Westermeyer, J., Specker, S., Neider, J., and Lingenfelter, M.A.Substance abuse and associated psychiatric disorder among 100 adolescents. Journal of Addictive Diseases13(1):67–89, 1994. [PubMed: 8018741]
  784. Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. Cultural Competence Standards in Managed Mental Health Care for Four Underserved/Underrepresented Racial/Ethnic Groups. Boulder, CO: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 2000.
  785. Westmaas, J.L., Nath, V., and Brandon, T.H.Contemporary smoking cessation. Cancer Control7(1):56–62, 2000. [PubMed: 10740661]
  786. Westman, E.C., Tomlin, K.F., and Rose, J.E.Combining the nicotine inhaler and nicotine patch for smoking cessation. American Journal of Health Behavior24(2):114–119, 2000.
  787. Wetterling, T., Rolf-Dieter, K., and Bester, B.A new rating scale for the assessment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) scale. Alcohol and Alcoholism32(6):753–760, 1997. [PubMed: 9463730]
  788. Wetterling, T., Veltrup, C., Driessen, M., and John, U.Drinking pattern and alcohol-related medical disorders. Alcohol and Alcoholism34(3):330–336, 1999. [PubMed: 10414607]
  789. Whitfield, C.L., Thompson, G., Lamb, A., Spencer, V., Pfeifer, M., and Browning-Ferrando, M.Detoxification of 1,024 alcoholic patients without psychoactive drugs. Journal of the American Medical Association239(14):1409–1410, 1978. [PubMed: 633543]
  790. Whittington, R.A., Collins, E.D., and Kleber, H.D.Rapid opioid detoxification during general anesthesia: Is death not a significant outcome?Anesthesiology93(5):1363–1364, 2000. [PubMed: 11046233]
  791. Wiesbeck, G.A., Schuckit, M.A., Kalmijn, J.A., Tipp, J.E., Bucholz, K.K., and Smith, T.L.An evaluation of the history of a marijuana withdrawal syndrome in a large population. Addiction91(10):1469–1478, 1996. [PubMed: 8917915]
  792. Wilbur, R., and Kulik, F.A.Anticonvulsant drugs in alcohol withdrawal: Use of phenytoin, primidone, carbamazepine, valproic acid, and the sedative anticonvulsants. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy38(8):1138–1143, 1981. [PubMed: 6791497]
  793. Wilkins, J.N., Conner, B.T., and Gorelick, D.A.Management of stimulant, hallucinogen, marijuana and phencyclidine intoxication and withdrawal. In: Graham, A.W., Schultz, T.K., and Wilford, B.B., eds. Principles of Addiction Medicine. 2d ed.Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 1998. pp. 465–485.
  794. Wojnar, M., Bizon, Z., and Wasilewski, D.Assessment of the role of kindling in the pathogenesis of alcohol withdrawal seizures and delirium tremens. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research23(2):204–208, 1999. [PubMed: 10069546]
  795. Wolff, P.H.Ethnic differences in alcohol sensitivity. Science175(20):449–450, 1972. [PubMed: 5007912]
  796. Wolff, P.H.Vasomotor sensitivity to alcohol in diverse Mongoloid populations. American Journal of Human Genetics25(2):193–199, 1973. [PMC free article: PMC1762515] [PubMed: 4689039]
  797. World Health Organization. International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps: A Manual of Classification Relating to the Consequences of Disease. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1980.
  798. Worner, T.M.Relative kindling effect of readmissions in alcoholics. Alcohol and Alcoholism31(4):375–380, 1996. [PubMed: 8879284]
  799. Yakshe, P.Pancreatitis, Chronic. eMedicine. Omaha, NE: eMedicine.com, 2004.
  800. Yates, B.T.Analyzing Costs, Procedures, Processes, and Outcomes in Human Services. Applied Social Research Methods Series V. 42. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996.
  801. Yates, B.T.Measuring and Improving Cost, Cost-Effectiveness, and Cost-Benefit for Substance Abuse Treatment Programs: A Manual. NIH Publication Number 99–4518. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1999.
  802. Yen, S., Robins, C.J., and Lin, N.A cross-cultural comparison of depressive symptom manifestation: China and the United States. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology68(6):993–999, 2000. [PubMed: 11142551]
  803. Yesalis, C.E., Kennedy, N.J., Kopstein, A.N., and Bahrke, M.S.Anabolic-androgenic steroid use in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association270(10):1217–1221, 1993. [PubMed: 8355384]
  804. Yeung, A., Neault, N., Sonawalla, S., Howarth, S., Fava, M., and Nierenberg, A.A.Screening for major depression in Asian-Americans: A comparison of the Beck and the Chinese Depression Inventory. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica105 (4):252–257., 2002. [PubMed: 11942928]
  805. Yoshida, A., Ikawa, M., Hsu, L.C., and Tani, K.Molecular abnormality and DNA cloning of human aldehyde dehydrogenases. Alcohol2(1):103–106, 1985. [PubMed: 4015823]
  806. Yoshihara, H., Noda, K., and Kamada, T.Interrelationship between alcohol intake, hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent Developments in Alcoholism14:457–469, 1998. [PubMed: 9751959]
  807. Yoshikawa, T., Sugiyama, Y., Sawada, Y., Iga, T., Hanano, M., Kawasaki, S., and Yanagida, M.Effect of late pregnancy on salicylate, diazepam, warfarin, and propranolol binding: Use of fluorescent probes. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics36(2):201–208, 1984. [PubMed: 6744779]
  808. Zador, D., Lyons Wall, P.M., and Webster, I.High sugar intake in a group of women on methadone maintenance in south western Sydney, Australia. Addiction91(7):1053–1061, 1996. [PubMed: 8688819]
  809. Zakhari, S.Vulnerability to cardiac disease. Recent Developments in Alcoholism9:225–260, 1991. [PubMed: 1758986]
  810. Zarkin, G.A., Dunlap, L.J., and Homsi, G.The substance abuse services cost analysis program (SASCAP): A new method for estimating drug treatment services costs. Evaluation and Program Planning27(1):35–43, 2004.
  811. Zevin, S., and Benowitz, N.L.Drug interactions with tobacco smoking. An update. Clinical Pharmacokinetics36(6):425–438, 1999. [PubMed: 10427467]
  812. Zhang, A.Y., and Snowden, L.R.Ethnic characteristics of mental disorders in five U.S. communities. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology5:134–146, 1999. [PubMed: 15605683]
  813. Zimberg, S.Two types of problem drinkers: Both can be managed. Geriatrics29(8):135–139, 1974. [PubMed: 4843040]
Copyright Notice

This is an open-access report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain License. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

Bookshelf ID: NBK64111

Views

Other titles in this collection

Related information

  • PMC
    PubMed Central citations
  • PubMed
    Links to PubMed

Recent Activity

Your browsing activity is empty.

Activity recording is turned off.

Turn recording back on

See more...