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LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-.
LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet].
Show detailsOVERVIEW
Introduction
Teclistamab is a bispecific human monoclonal antibody to the B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and CD3, which targets the antibody to T cells (T cell engager) and is used in the treatment of refractory or relapsing multiple myeloma. Teclistamab has major side effects including cytokine release syndrome as well as immune related conditions, including liver injury, which can be serious and even fatal.
Background
Teclistamab (tech’ lis ta mab) is a human bispecific monoclonal antibody to the B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and the CD3 cell surface antigen, which is used in the treatment of refractory or relapsing multiple myeloma. Teclistamab binds to BCMA which is prominently expressed on the surface of B cells and myeloma cells. Teclistamab also binds to CD3 which is expressed on activated T cells and thus brings them into contact with the bound BCMA expressing myeloma cells. This two-fold engagement of myeloma cells results in their rapid destruction. As a result of its demonstrated efficacy in a proportion of treated patients with refractory multiple myeloma in early phase trials, teclistamab was given accelerated approval for use in advanced refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma after at least 4 prior lines of therapy in the United States in 2022. Teclistamab is available in liquid solution in vials containing 30 mg in 3 mL (10 mg/mL) and 153 mg in 1.7 mL (90 mg/mL) under the brand name Tecvayli. The recommended regimen includes a step-up phase over one week to a maintenance dose of 1.5 mg/kg subcutaneously which is then continued once weekly until disease progression or intolerance. Pretreatment with corticosteroids, antihistamines and antipyretics are recommended, particularly with initial doses. Side effects are frequent and often severe including cytokine release syndrome in 72% of treated patients. Severe infections, neutropenia, hypersensitivity reactions, and immune related injury including neurotoxicity, renal toxicity and hepatotoxicity has also been described and the overall fatality rate is 5%. As a consequence, teclistamab is available only as part of a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) that requires specific training, informed consent and adverse event reporting. Other common adverse events include fever, musculoskeletal pain, injection site reactions, nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue. Early recognition and prompt management of the adverse effects of teclistamab is an integral component of its proper use.
Hepatotoxicity
In prelicensure studies, serum ALT elevations arose in 28% of patients receiving teclistamab and were above 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) in 2%. Elevations in total bilirubin arose in 6% of patients. In addition, immune mediated liver injury arose in a proportion of patients and was fatal in one. Despite these findings, the clinical features, timing and duration of liver injury due to teclistamab have not been described. Monitoring of liver tests is recommended at baseline and as clinically indicated during therapy. The clinical experience with teclistamab has been limited and the frequency and clinical features of the injury are not known.
The effects of teclistamab on hepatitis B virus (HBV) have not been reported as enrollment criteria in the clinical trials have usually excluded patients with chronic viral hepatitis.
Likelihood score: D (possible cause of clinically apparent liver injury).
Mechanism of Injury
The mechanism of liver injury due to teclistamab is likely to be immunologically mediated.
Outcome and Management
Guidelines for management of patients receiving teclistamab recommend monitoring of liver tests, and temporarily withholding therapy if ALT or AST elevations above 5 times the ULN arise and stopping therapy if ALT elevations accompanied by symptoms of hepatitis or jaundice arise or for any ALT or AST elevations above 20 times the ULN. Patients with suspected immune mediated hepatitis that does not resolve promptly with stopping teclistamab should be treated with immunosuppression.
Drug Class: Antineoplastic Agents, Monoclonal Antibodies
PRODUCT INFORMATION
REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES
Teclistamab – Tecvayli®
DRUG CLASS
Antineoplastic Agents
Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH
CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE
| DRUG | CAS REGISTRY NO. | MOLECULAR FORMULA | STRUCTURE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Teclistamab | 2119595-80-9 | Monoclonal Antibody | Not Available |
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
References updated: 15 January 2023
Abbreviations used: BCMA, B cell maturation antigen; CD3, Cluster of differentiation-3.
- Wellstein A, Giaccone G, Atkins MB, Sausville EA. Pathway-targeted therapies: monoclonal antibodies, protein kinase inhibitors, and various small molecules. In, Brunton LL, Hilal-Danan R, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2018, pp. 1203-36.(Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics).
- FDA. https://www
.accessdata .fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs /nda/2022/761291Orig1s000MultidisciplineR.pdf. (FDA Drug Approvals website that has product labels [package inserts], letters of approval and full FDA scientific reviews of the new drug application of teclistamab for safety and efficacy, mentions that adverse events were frequent including neutropenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, cytokine release syndrome [72%], neurotoxicity [13%] and gastrointestinal side effects; ALT elevations arose in 28% of patients but were above 5 times ULN in only 2%, although one patient died of suspected acute liver failure). - Pillarisetti K, Powers G, Luistro L, Babich A, Baldwin E, Li Y, Zhang X, et al. Teclistamab is an active T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody against B-cell maturation antigen for multiple myeloma. Blood Adv. 2020;4:4538–4549. [PMC free article: PMC7509877] [PubMed: 32956453](In vitro studies demonstrated that the bispecific monoclonal antibody teclistamab bound to and eliminated BCMA expressing myeloma cells resulting in release of cytokines).
- Usmani SZ, Garfall AL, van de Donk NWCJ, Nahi H, San-Miguel JF, Oriol A, Rosinol L, et al. Teclistamab, a B-cell maturation antigen × CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MajesTEC-1): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 1 study. Lancet. 2021;398(10301):665–674. [PubMed: 34388396](In a phase 1 safety and dose finding study of teclistamab in 157 patients with refractory multiple myeloma, the dose chosen for phase 2 studies was 1.5 mg subcutaneously once weekly after a step-up phase, which in 40 patients yielded a response rate of 65% and high rate of adverse events including cytokine release syndrome in 70%, neutropenia in 65% and ALT elevations in 9.6%, none of which were above 5 times ULN).
- Moreau P, Garfall AL, van de Donk NWCJ, Nahi H, San-Miguel JF, Oriol A, Nooka AK, et al. Teclistamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:495–505. [PMC free article: PMC10587778] [PubMed: 35661166](Among 165 patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma treated with teclistamab [1.5 mg weekly after a step-up phase], a complete response or better was achieved in 63% of patients and adverse events included cytokine release syndrome in 72%, neutropenia 71%, infections 70%, anemia 52%, thrombocytopenia 40%, and neurotoxic effects 14.5%; no mention of ALT elevations but one of 5 deaths considered due to teclistamab therapy was attributed to hepatic failure without specific details).
- Kang C. Teclistamab: first approval. Drugs. 2022;82(16):1613–1619. [PMC free article: PMC9646474] [PubMed: 36352205](Summary of the chemistry, pharmacology, history of development, clinical efficacy and safety of teclistamab shortly after its approval for use in the US for refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).
- Teclistamab-cqyv (Tecvayli) for multiple myeloma. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2022;64:e196–e197. [PubMed: 36384770](Review of the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, safety and costs of teclistamab shortly after its approval for use in the US for refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma, mentions that hepatotoxicity can occur and liver tests should be monitored before and periodically during therapy).
- Teclistamab, a B-cell maturation antigen × CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MajesTEC-1): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 1 study.[Lancet. 2021]Teclistamab, a B-cell maturation antigen × CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MajesTEC-1): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 1 study.Usmani SZ, Garfall AL, van de Donk NWCJ, Nahi H, San-Miguel JF, Oriol A, Rosinol L, Chari A, Bhutani M, Karlin L, et al. Lancet. 2021 Aug 21; 398(10301):665-674. Epub 2021 Aug 10.
- Teclistamab-cqyv: The First Bispecific T-Cell Engager Antibody for the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma.[J Adv Pract Oncol. 2023]Teclistamab-cqyv: The First Bispecific T-Cell Engager Antibody for the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma.Hua G, Scanlan R, Straining R, Carlson DS. J Adv Pract Oncol. 2023 Mar; 14(2):163-171. Epub 2023 Mar 1.
- Review Newly approved and forthcoming T-cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.[J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2023]Review Newly approved and forthcoming T-cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.Granger K, Gaffney KJ, Davis JA. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2023 Apr; 29(3):722-726. Epub 2023 Feb 12.
- Teclistamab is an active T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody against B-cell maturation antigen for multiple myeloma.[Blood Adv. 2020]Teclistamab is an active T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody against B-cell maturation antigen for multiple myeloma.Pillarisetti K, Powers G, Luistro L, Babich A, Baldwin E, Li Y, Zhang X, Mendonça M, Majewski N, Nanjunda R, et al. Blood Adv. 2020 Sep 22; 4(18):4538-4549.
- Review Teclistamab: Mechanism of action, clinical, and translational science.[Clin Transl Sci. 2024]Review Teclistamab: Mechanism of action, clinical, and translational science.Guo Y, Quijano Cardé NA, Kang L, Verona R, Banerjee A, Kobos R, Chastain K, Uhlar C, Pillarisetti K, Doyle M, et al. Clin Transl Sci. 2024 Jan; 17(1):e13717.
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