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IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Silica, Some Silicates, Coal Dust and para-Aramid Fibrils. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1997. (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 68.)
SUMMARY TABLES OF GENETIC AND RELATED EFFECTS
Summary table of genetic and related effects of crystalline silica: tridymite
| Non-mammalian systems | Mammalian systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proka- ryotes | Lower eukaryotes | Plants | Insects | In vitro | In vivo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Animal cells | Human cells | Animals | Humans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | G | D | R | G | A | D | G | C | R | G | C | A | D | G | S | M | C | A | T | I | D | G | S | M | C | A | T | I | D | G | S | M | C | DL | A | D | S | M | C | A |
| +1 | +1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A, aneuploidy; C, chromosomal aberrations; D, DNA damage; DL, dominant lethal mutation; G, gene mutation; I, inhibition of intercellular communication; M, micronuclei; R, mitotic recombination and gene conversion; S, sister chromatid exchange; T, cell transformation
In completing the tables, the following symbols indicate the consensus of the Working Group with regard to the results for each end-point:
- +
considered to be positive for the specific end-point and level of biological complexity
- +1
considered to be positive, but only one valid study was available to the Working Group
- −
considered to be negative
- −1
considered to be negative, but only one valid study was available to the Working Group
- ?
considered to be equivocal or inconclusive (e.g. there were contradictory results from different laboratories; there were confounding exposures; the results were equivocal)
Summary table of genetic and related effects of crystalline silica: cristobalite
| Non-mammalian systems | Mammalian systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proka- ryotes | Lower eukaryotes | Plants | Insects | In vitro | In vivo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Animal cells | Human cells | Animals | Humans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | G | D | R | G | A | D | G | C | R | G | C | A | D | G | S | M | C | A | T | I | D | G | S | M | C | A | T | I | D | G | S | M | C | DL | A | D | S | M | C | A |
| +1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A, aneuploidy; C, chromosomal aberrations; D, DNA damage; DL, dominant lethal mutation; G, gene mutation; I, inhibition of intercellular communication; M, micronuclei; R, mitotic recombination and gene conversion; S, sister chromatid exchange; T, cell transformation
In completing the tables, the following symbols indicate the consensus of the Working Group with regard to the results for each end-point:
- +
considered to be positive for the specific end-point and level of biological complexity
- +1
considered to be positive, but only one valid study was available to the Working Group
- −
considered to be negative
- −1
considered to be negative, but only one valid study was available to the Working Group
- ?
considered to be equivocal or inconclusive (e.g. there were contradictory results from different laboratories; there were confounding exposures; the results were equivocal)
Summary table of genetic and related effects of crystalline silica: quartz
| Non-mammalian systems | Mammalian systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proka- ryotes | Lower eukaryotes | Plants | Insects | In vitro | In vivo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Animal cells | Human cells | Animals | Humans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | G | D | R | G | A | D | G | C | R | G | C | A | D | G | S | M | C | A | T | I | D | G | S | M | C | A | T | I | D | G | S | M | C | DL | A | D | S | M | C | A |
| + | −1 | −1 | + | − | − | + | −1 | ?1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | + | −1 | ?1 | ?1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
A, aneuploidy; C, chromosomal aberrations; D, DNA damage; DL, dominant lethal mutation; G, gene mutation; I, inhibition of intercellular communication; M, micronuclei; R, mitotic recombination and gene conversion; S, sister chromatid exchange; T, cell transformation
In completing the tables, the following symbols indicate the consensus of the Working Group with regard to the results for each end-point:
- +
considered to be positive for the specific end-point and level of biological complexity
- +1
considered to be positive, but only one valid study was available to the Working Group
- −
considered to be negative
- −1
considered to be negative, but only one valid study was available to the Working Group
- ?
considered to be equivocal or inconclusive (e.g. there were contradictory results from different laboratories; there were confounding exposures; the results were equivocal)
Summary table of genetic and related effects of wollastonite
| Non-mammalian systems | Mammalian systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proka- ryotes | Lower eukaryotes | Plants | Insects | In vitro | In vivo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Animal cells | Human cells | Animals | Humans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | G | D | R | G | A | D | G | C | R | G | C | A | D | G | S | M | C | A | T | I | D | G | S | M | C | A | T | I | D | G | S | M | C | DL | A | D | S | M | C | A |
| −1 | +1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A, aneuploidy; C, chromosomal aberrations; D, DNA damage; DL, dominant lethal mutation; G, gene mutation; I, inhibition of intercellular communication; M, micronuclei; R, mitotic recombination and gene conversion; S, sister chromatid exchange; T, cell transformation
In completing the tables, the following symbols indicate the consensus of the Working Group with regard to the results for each end-point:
- +
considered to be positive for the specific end-point and level of biological complexity
- +1
considered to be positive, but only one valid study was available to the Working Group
- −
considered to be negative
- −1
considered to be negative, but only one valid study was available to the Working Group
- ?
considered to be equivocal or inconclusive (e.g. there were contradictory results from different laboratories; there were confounding exposures; the results were equivocal)
Summary table of genetic and related effects of natural zeolites
| Non-mammalian systems | Mammalian systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prokaryotes | Lower eukaryotes | Plants | Insects | In vitro | In vivo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Animal cells | Human cells | Animals | Humans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | G | D | R | G | A | D | G | C | R | G | C | A | D | G | S | M | C | A | T | I | D | G | S | M | C | A | T | I | D | G | S | M | C | DL | A | D | S | M | C | A |
| +1 | +1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A, aneuploidy; C, chromosomal aberrations; D, DNA damage; DL, dominant lethal mutation; G, gene mutation; I, inhibition of intercellular communication; M, micronuclei; R, mitotic recombination and gene conversion; S, sister chromatid exchange; T, cell transformation
In completing the tables, the following symbols indicate the consensus of the Working Group with regard to the results for each end-point:
- +
considered to be positive for the specific end-point and level of biological complexity
- +1
considered to be positive, but only one valid study was available to the Working Group
- −
considered to be negative
- −1
considered to be negative, but only one valid study was available to the Working Group
- ?
considered to be equivocal or inconclusive (e.g. there were contradictory results from different laboratories; there were confounding exposures; the results were equivocal)
Summary table of genetic and related effects of coal dust extracts
| Non-mammalian systems | Mammalian systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proka- ryotes | Lower eukaryotes | Plants | Insects | In vitro | In vivo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Animal cells | Human cells | Animals | Humans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | G | D | R | G | A | D | G | C | R | G | C | A | D | G | S | M | C | A | T | I | D | G | S | M | C | A | T | I | D | G | S | M | C | DL | A | D | S | M | C | A |
| − | ? | +1 | +1 | − | − | +1 | ?1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A, aneuploidy; C, chromosomal aberrations; D, DNA damage; DL, dominant lethal mutation; G, gene mutation; I, inhibition of intercellular communication; M, micronuclei; R, mitotic recombination and gene conversion; S, sister chromatid exchange; T, cell transformation
In completing the tables, the following symbols indicate the consensus of the Working Group with regard to the results for each end-point:
- +
considered to be positive for the specific end-point and level of biological complexity
- +1
considered to be positive, but only one valid study was available to the Working Group
- −
considered to be negative
- −1
considered to be negative, but only one valid study was available to the Working Group
- ?
considered to be equivocal or inconclusive (e.g. there were contradictory results from different laboratories; there were confounding exposures; the results were equivocal)
Summary table of genetic and related effects of para-aramid fibrils
| Non-mammalian systems | Mammalian systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proka- ryotes | Lower eukaryotes | Plants | Insects | In vitro | In vivo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Animal cells | Human cells | Animals | Humans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | G | D | R | G | A | D | G | C | R | G | C | A | D | G | S | M | C | A | T | I | D | G | S | M | C | A | T | I | D | G | S | M | C | DL | A | D | S | M | C | A |
| −1 | −1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A, aneuploidy; C, chromosomal aberrations; D, DNA damage; DL, dominant lethal mutation; G, gene mutation; I, inhibition of intercellular communication; M, micronuclei; R, mitotic recombination and gene conversion; S, sister chromatid exchange; T, cell transformation
In completing the tables, the following symbols indicate the consensus of the Working Group with regard to the results for each end-point:
- +
considered to be positive for the specific end-point and level of biological complexity
- +1
considered to be positive, but only one valid study was available to the Working Group
- −
considered to be negative
- −1
considered to be negative, but only one valid study was available to the Working Group
- ?
considered to be equivocal or inconclusive (e.g. there were contradictory results from different laboratories; there were confounding exposures; the results were equivocal)
- APPENDIX 2 - Silica, Some Silicates, Coal Dust and para-Aramid FibrilsAPPENDIX 2 - Silica, Some Silicates, Coal Dust and para-Aramid Fibrils
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