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Some Chemicals that Cause Tumours of the Kidney or Urinary Bladder in Rodents and Some Other Substances
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 73
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.
This monograph evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by 20 individual compounds and three groups of compounds (cyclamates, saccharin and its salts, and nitrilotriacetic acid and its salts) that are known to induce tumours of the kidney or urinary bladder in rodents. As data on cancer in humans were judged inadequate for all compounds and groups of compounds, the evaluations draw on recent guidelines for determining whether the mechanisms by which a chemical exerts its carcinogenic effects in rodents are relevant to humans. Evaluations also draw on findings from studies of metabolic fate, toxic effects, reproductive and developmental effects, and genetic and related effects. Some of the compounds covered in the volume are widely used as chemical intermediates, pesticides, artificial sweeteners, and food additives. The volume also includes evaluations of the analgesic and antipyretic, paracetamol, and several naturally occurring substances in food. All but two of the compounds (meta-dichlorobenzene and methyl tert-butyl ether) were evaluated in previous IARC Monographs. Re-evaluations were made in the light of both new studies of the compounds and a growing body of evidence concerning certain pathological processes that lead to tumour development in the kidney and urinary bladder of rats exposed to some chemicals. Eight compounds were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans: ortho-anisidine, chloroform, chlorothalonil, para-dichlorobenzene, hexachloroethane, nitrilotriacetic acid and its salts, sodium ortho-phenylphenate, and potassium bromate. The remaining substances could not be classified on the basis of available data.
Contents
- NOTE TO THE READER
- LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
- PREAMBLE
- GENERAL REMARKS ON THE SUBSTANCES CONSIDERED
- THE MONOGRAPHS
- Allyl Isothiocyanate
- ortho-Anisidine
- Atrazine
- Butyl benzyl phthalate
- Chloroform
- Chlorothalonil
- Cyclamates
- Dichlorobenzenes
- Hexachlorobutadiene
- Hexachloroethane
- d-Limonene
- Melamine
- Methyl tert-butyl ether
- Nitrilotriacetic acid and its salts
- Paracetamol
- ortho-Phenylphenol and its sodium salt
- Potassium bromate
- Quercetin
- Saccharin and its salts
- Simazine
- SUMMARY OF FINAL EVALUATIONS
Corrigenda to the IARC Monographs are published online at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Publications/corrigenda.php
LIBRARY CATALOGUING DATA
This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, which met in Lyon, 13–20 October 1998
Lyon, France - 1999
IARC MONOGRAPHS
In 1969, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated a programme on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans involving the production of critically evaluated monographs on individual chemicals. The programme was subsequently expanded to include evaluations of carcinogenic risks associated with exposures to complex mixtures, life-style factors and biological agents, as well as those in specific occupations.
The objective of the programme is to elaborate and publish in the form of monographs critical reviews of data on carcinogenicity for agents to which humans are known to be exposed and on specific exposure situations; to evaluate these data in terms of human risk with the help of international working groups of experts in chemical carcinogenesis and related fields; and to indicate where additional research efforts are needed.
The lists of IARC evaluations are regularly updated and are available on Internet: http://www.iarc.fr/.
This project was supported by Cooperative Agreement 5 UO1 CA33193 awarded by the United States National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services. Additional support has been provided since 1986 by the European Commission, since 1993 by the United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and since 1995 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through Cooperative Agreement Assistance CR 824264.
- ©International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1999
- Distributed by IARCPress (Fax: +33 4 72 73 83 02; E-mail: rf.crai@sserp) and by the World Health Organization Distribution and Sales, CH-1211 Geneva 27. (Fax: +41 22 791 4857)
- Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention.
- All rights reserved. Application for rights of reproduction or translation, in part or in toto, should be made to the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
IARC Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Some chemicals that cause tumours of the kidney or urinary bladder in rodents and some other substances /
- IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (1999 : Lyon, France).
- (IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans ; 73)
- 1. Urologic neoplasms – congresses 2. Kidney neoplasms – congresses
- I. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans II. Series
- ISBN 92 832 1273 8 (NLM Classification: W1)
- ISSN 1017-1606
- PRINTED IN FRANCE
- NLM CatalogRelated NLM Catalog Entries
- Some Chemicals that Cause Tumours of the Kidney or Urinary Bladder in Rodents an...Some Chemicals that Cause Tumours of the Kidney or Urinary Bladder in Rodents and Some Other Substances
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