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This volume provides a first-time evaluation of the carcinogenicity of household solid fuel combustion (coal and biomass) and of high-temperature frying. About half of the world's population, mostly in low-resource and medium-resource countries, use solid fuels for cooking or heating, often in poorly ventilated spaces. In this volume, indoor emissions from household combustion of coal, and from household combustion of biomass fuel, as well as stir-frying, deep-frying, and pan-frying - all involving heating cooking oil to high temperatures - were evaluated by an IARC Monographs Working Group, reviewing epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to their carcinogenic hazard to humans.
Contents
- NOTE TO THE READER
- LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
- PREAMBLE
- GENERAL REMARKS
- Household use of solid fuels
- High-temperature frying
- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Corrigenda to the IARC Monographs are published online at http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Publications/corrigenda.php.
Corrigenda to Volume 95. (PDF, 75K)
LIBRARY CATALOGUING DATA
This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, which met in Lyon, 10–17 October 2006
Lyon, France - 2010
IARC MONOGRAPHS
In 1969, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated a programme on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans involving the production of critically evaluated monographs on individual chemicals. The programme was subsequently expanded to include evaluations of carcinogenic risks associated with exposures to complex mixtures, lifestyle factors and biological and physical agents, as well as those in specific occupations. The objective of the programme is to elaborate and publish in the form of monographs critical reviews of data on carcinogenicity for agents to which humans are known to be exposed and on specific exposure situations; to evaluate these data in terms of human risk with the help of international working groups of experts in chemical carcinogenesis and related fields; and to indicate where additional research efforts are needed. The lists of IARC evaluations are regularly updated and are available on the Internet at http://monographs.iarc.fr/.
This programme has been supported since 1982 by Cooperative Agreement U01 CA33193 with the United States National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services. Additional support has been provided since 1986 by the Health, Safety and Hygiene at Work Unit of the European Commission Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, and since 1992 by the United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services. The contents of this volume are solely the responsibility of the Working Group and do not necessarily represent the official views of the U.S. National Cancer Institute, the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or the European Commission Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.
- Published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
- ©International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2010
- Distributed by WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: tni.ohw@sredrokoob).
- Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights reserved.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate IARC publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; E-mail: tni.ohw@snoissimrep).
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.
The IARC Monographs Working Group alone is responsible for the views expressed in this publication.
IARC Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
- Household use of solid fuels and high-temperature frying / IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (2006: Lyon, France)
- (IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans; v. 95)
- 1. Air Pollution, Indoor – analysis 2. Carcinogens 3. Cookery 4. Energy-Generating Resources 5. Fossil Fuels – toxicity 6. Neoplasms – etiology
- I. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans II. Series
- ISBN 978 92 832 1295 9
- (NLM Classification: W1)
- ISSN 1017-1606
- PRINTED IN FRANCE
Photograph of woman with child cooking over an open fire in Guatemala, courtesy of Nigel Bruce
- NLM CatalogRelated NLM Catalog Entries
- Carcinogenicity of household solid fuel combustion and of high-temperature frying.[Lancet Oncol. 2006]Carcinogenicity of household solid fuel combustion and of high-temperature frying.Straif K, Baan R, Grosse Y, Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Cogliano V, WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group. Lancet Oncol. 2006 Dec; 7(12):977-8.
- Epidemiological evidence that indoor air pollution from cooking with solid fuels accelerates skin aging in Chinese women.[J Dermatol Sci. 2015]Epidemiological evidence that indoor air pollution from cooking with solid fuels accelerates skin aging in Chinese women.Li M, Vierkötter A, Schikowski T, Hüls A, Ding A, Matsui MS, Deng B, Ma C, Ren A, Zhang J, et al. J Dermatol Sci. 2015 Aug; 79(2):148-54. Epub 2015 May 21.
- Characteristics of indoor air pollution and estimation of respiratory dosage under varied fuel-type and kitchen-type in the rural areas of Telangana state in India.[Sci Total Environ. 2019]Characteristics of indoor air pollution and estimation of respiratory dosage under varied fuel-type and kitchen-type in the rural areas of Telangana state in India.Deepthi Y, Shiva Nagendra SM, Gummadi SN. Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 10; 650(Pt 1):616-625. Epub 2018 Aug 29.
- Review Household Air Pollution from Solid Cookfuels and Its Effects on Health.[Injury Prevention and Environm...]Review Household Air Pollution from Solid Cookfuels and Its Effects on Health.Smith KR, Pillarisetti A. Injury Prevention and Environmental Health. 2017 Oct 27
- Review Household air pollution from coal and biomass fuels in China: measurements, health impacts, and interventions.[Environ Health Perspect. 2007]Review Household air pollution from coal and biomass fuels in China: measurements, health impacts, and interventions.Zhang JJ, Smith KR. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Jun; 115(6):848-55. Epub 2007 Feb 27.
- Household Use of Solid Fuels and High-temperature FryingHousehold Use of Solid Fuels and High-temperature Frying
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