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Riddle DL, Blumenthal T, Meyer BJ, et al., editors. C. elegans II. 2nd edition. Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1997.
C. elegans II. 2nd edition.
Show detailsThe putative neurotransmitter for many neurons is indicated in the table on the following pages; most assignments are likely but not absolutely certain. Some assignments have not been verified for all developmental stages, and the listing of male-specific neurons or male-specific staining is not complete. Some neurons may contain and/or use more than one transmitter. Not listed are approximately 20 not yet identified putative cholinergic neurons (J. Duerr, pers. comm.). In addition, neuropeptide-like immunoreactivities have been observed in a wide variety of neurons both in Ascaris (Sithigorngul et al. 1990, 1996; Cowden et al. 1993) and in C. elegans (Schinkmann and Li 1992).
| Transmittera | Cellb | Criteriac | Comments | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACh | ALN(2) | 2 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | |
| AS(11) | 2,3,4 | Stretton et al. (1978); Johnson and Stretton (1985); J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| CA(4) | 4 | male | C. Johnson (pers. comm.) | |
| DA(9) | 2,3,4 | Stretton et al. (1978); Johnson and Stretton (1985); J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| DB(7) | 2,3,4 | Stretton et al. (1978); Johnson and Stretton (1985); J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| HSN(2) | 2,5 | staining weak and variable; reduction of ACh synthesis does not function | Weinshenker et al. (1995); J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | |
| M1 | 2 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| M2(2) | 2 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| M4 | 2 | staining variable; reduction of ACh synthesis does not function | J. Duerr; L. Avery (both pers. comm.) | |
| M5 | 2 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| MC | 3,5 | staining weak or nonexistent | Raizen et al. (1995); J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | |
| PLN(2) | 2 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| SAA(4) | 2 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| SAB(3) | 2 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| SDQ(2) | 2 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| SIA(4) | 2 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| SIB(4) | 2 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| SMB(4) | 2 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| SMD(4) | 2 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| VA(12) | 2,3 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| VB(11) | 2,3 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| VC(6) | 2 | J. Duerr (pers. comm.) | ||
| GABA | AVL | 1A,2,3 | McIntire et al. (1993b); Y. Jin (pers. comm.) | |
| DD(6) | 1A,1B, 2,3,4 | Stretton et al. (1978); Johnson and Stretton (1987); McIntire et al. (1993b); Y. Jin (pers. comm.) | ||
| DVB | 1A,1B, 2,3,4 | Guastella et al. (1991); McIntire et al. (1993b); Y. Jin (pers. comm.) | ||
| RIS | 1A,2 | McIntire et al. (1993b); Y. Jin (pers. comm.) | ||
| RME(4) | 1A,1B, 2,3,4 | Guastella et al. (1991); McIntire et al. (1993b); Y. Jin (pers. comm.) | ||
| VD(13) | 1A,1B, 2,3,4 | Stretton et al. (1978); Johnson and Stretton (1987); McIntire et al. (1993b); Y. Jin (pers. comm.) | ||
| DA | ADE(2) | 1A,3 | Sulston et al. (1975); B. Sawin (pers. comm.) | |
| CEP(4) | 1A,3 | Sulston et al. (1975); B. Sawin (pers. comm.) | ||
| PDE(2) | 1A,3 | Sulston et al. (1975); B. Sawin (pers. comm.) | ||
| R5A(2) | 1A | male tail | Sulston and Horvitz (1977) | |
| R7A(2) | 1A | male tail | Sulston and Horvitz (1977) | |
| R9A(2) | 1A | male tail | Sulston and Horvitz (1977) | |
| 5-HT | ADF(2) | 1A | G. Garriga and C. Bargmann (pers. comm.) | |
| CA(4) | 1A | male; CA1-CA4 only; staining weak in C. elegans; no staining in Ascaris | Loer and Kenyon (1993); Johnson et al. (1996) | |
| CP(6) | 1A,1B, 3 | male; CP1-CP6 only; very strong staining | Loer and Kenyon (1993); Johnson et al. (1996) | |
| HSN(2) | 1A,5 | strong staining; loss of 5-HT in cat-4 or bas-1 does not prevent function | Desai et al. (1988); Weinshenker et al. (1995) | |
| NSM(2) | 1A,1B | very strong staining | Horvitz et al. (1982); Johnson et al. (1996) | |
| RIG(2) | 1A | might be AIM or AIY instead of RIG | J. Kaplan; B. Sawin (both pers. comm.) | |
| RIH | 1A | G. Garriga and J. Thomas (pers. comm.) | ||
| R1A/B(2) | 1A | male tail | Loer and Kenyon (1993) | |
| R3A/B(2) | 1A | male tail | Loer and Kenyon (1993) | |
| R9A/B(2) | 1A | male tail | Loer and Kenyon (1993) | |
| VC(2) | 1A | VC4 and VC5 only | G. Garriga (pers. comm.) | |
| GLU | ASH(2) | 3 | Hart et al. (1995); Maricq et al. (1995) | |
| M3 | 3,5 | Avery and Thomas (this volume) | ||
- a
Neurotransmitter abbreviations: (ACh) Acetylcholine, (GABA) γ-aminobutyric acid; (DA) dopamine; (5-HT) serotonin; (GLU) glutamate.
- b
If a cell type includes more than one cell, the number of cells in the class is indicated in parentheses.
- c
Criteria:
- (1A)
The transmitter is present in the C. elegans cell, identified by immunostaining (for GABA and 5-HT) and/or by formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (for DA and 5-HT).
- (1B)
The transmitter is present in the comparable cell in Ascaris, identified by immunostaining for GABA or 5-HT.
- (2)
The biosynthetic enzyme is present in the cell, determined by antibodies to choline acetyltransferase or by reporter gene expression of unc-25.
- (3)
Supported by mutant data, i.e., loss of transmitter (in cha−1, unc-25, or cat) or loss of receptor (in postsynaptic partner) is associated with loss of cell function.
- (4)
Supported by physiological, pharmacological, and/or biochemical studies of the homologous cell(s) from Ascaris.
- (5)
Supported by other data, such as C. elegans electrophysiology or pharmacology studies.
- Appendix 2 Neurotransmitter Assignments for Specific Neurons - C. elegans IIAppendix 2 Neurotransmitter Assignments for Specific Neurons - C. elegans II
- S.cerevisiae chromosome XII reading frame ORF YLR055cS.cerevisiae chromosome XII reading frame ORF YLR055cgi|1360395|emb|Z73227.1|Nucleotide
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