A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniques have been used to investigate how cellular and brain circuits may be modified by experience. In each chapter, researchers present findings and explain their innovative methodologies.

Interdisciplinary reviews focus on how nerve cell circuitry, molecular expression, neurotransmitter release, and electrical activity are modified during the acquisition and consolidation of long-term memory. The book also covers receptor activation/deactivation by different neurotransmitters that enable the intracellular activation of second messengers during memory formation. It concludes with a summary of current research on the modulation and regulation that different neurotransmitters and stress hormones have on formation and consolidation of memory.

Contents

• Series Preface
• Preface
• Editor
• Contributors
• 1. Searching for Memory in the Brain: Confronting the Collusion of Cells and Systems
  James L. McGaugh.
  • 1.1 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY YEARS OF CONTROVERSY
  • 1.2 THE GREAT DEBATE: WHAT IS LEARNED? KNOWLEDGE OR RESPONSES?
  • 1.3 BRAIN SYSTEMS AND FORMS OF MEMORY
  • 1.4 BRAIN SYSTEMS AND MEMORY FUNCTIONS
  • 1.5 CELLS AND SYSTEMS
  • 1.6 TWO CENTURIES OF PROGRESS IN RESEARCH ON BRAIN AND MEMORY
  • REFERENCES
• 2. Long-Term Potentiation and Depression as Putative Mechanisms for Memory Formation
  Martha L. Escobar and Brian Derrick.
  • 2.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 2.2 LONG-LASTING FORMS OF SYNAPTIC MODIFICATION: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH
  • 2.3 LTP AND LTD: TRIGGERING, EXPRESSION, AND MAINTENANCE MECHANISMS
  • 2.4 PERSISTENT SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY: METAPLASTIC POINT OF VIEW
  • 2.5 ROLE OF ACTIVITY-DEPENDENT SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN BRAIN FUNCTION
  • 2.6 SUBSTRATES OF LTP AND LTD: STRUCTURAL PLASTICITY
  • 2.7 NEUROTROPHINS AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY
  • 2.8 EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT MODIFICATIONS: IS LTP INVOLVED IN LEARNING AND MEMORY?
  • OUTSTANDING QUESTIONS AND NEW DIRECTIONS
  • REFERENCES
• 3. Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity Underlying Long-Term Memory Formation
  Victor Ramirez-Amaya.
  • 3.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 3.2 EARLY SIGNALS
  • 3.3 CA²⁺ AND ITS TRANSDUCER
  • 3.4 IMMEDIATE EARLY GENES
  • 3.5 TROPHIC FACTORS
  • 3.6 CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
• 4. Modification of Brain Circuits through Experience
  Mark R. Rosenzweig.
  • 4.1 BRAIN PLASTICITY DISCOVERED THROUGH SERENDIPITY
  • 4.2 UNEXPECTED DISCOVERY OF BRAIN PLASTICITY
  • 4.3 CEREBRAL EFFECTS OF EXPERIENCE OCCUR IN ALL SPECIES TESTED
  • 4.4 ENRICHED ENVIRONMENTS AND THE BRAIN
  • 4.5 NEUROCHEMICAL CASCADES UNDERLIE MODIFICATION OF NEURAL CIRCUITS
  • REFERENCES
• 5. Presynaptic Structural Plasticity and Long-Lasting Memory: Focus on Learning-Induced Redistribution of Hippocampal Mossy Fibers
  Jerome L. Rekart, Matthew R. Holahan, and Aryeh Routtenberg.
  • 5.1 LEARNING AND STRUCTURAL PLASTICITY
  • 5.2 HIPPOCAMPAL GRANULE CELL AXON TERMINALS AND LEARNING
  • 5.3 MECHANISMS OF PRESYNAPTIC STRUCTURAL PLASTICITY
  • 5.4 PRESYNAPTIC DISPARITY: ANTI-BOUTONISM OR BIOLOGICAL REALITY?
  • REFERENCES
• 6. Electrophysiological Representation of Taste Memory
  Takashi Yamamoto and Yasunobu Yasoshima.
  • 6.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 6.2 CTA PARADIGM
  • 6.3 ENHANCED RESPONSES TO CS
  • 6.4 ALTERATION OF RESPONSES REFLECTING HEDONIC SHIFT
  • 6.5 CS–US ASSOCIATION
  • 6.6 IMPORTANCE OF AMYGDALA IN CTA FORMATION
  • 6.7 INVOLVEMENT OF REWARD SYSTEM
  • 6.8 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES
• 7. Changes in Neurotransmitter Extracellular Levels during Memory Formation
  Maria Isabel Miranda.
  • 7.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 7.2 FREE MOVING MICRODIALYSIS TECHNIQUE
  • 7.3 ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASE DURING MOTOR ACTIVITY, ATTENTION, AND NOVELTY
  • 7.4 NOVELTY AND OTHER NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASES
  • 7.5 LESIONS AND BLOCKADE OF CHOLINERGIC ACTIVITY DURING MEMORY FORMATION
  • 7.6 ACETYLCHOLINE AND LONG-TERM MEMORY TASKS
  • 7.7 NORADRENALINE RELEASE DURING MEMORY FORMATION
  • 7.8 GLUTAMATE AND GABA RELEASE DURING MEMORY FORMATION
  • 7.9 CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
• 8. Reversible Inactivation of Brain Circuits in Learning and Memory Research
  Milagros Gallo.
  • 8.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 8.2 BRAIN LESION APPROACH AND DYNAMIC NATURE OF LEARNING AND MEMORY SYSTEMS
  • 8.3 REVERSIBLE INACTIVATION TECHNIQUES
  • 8.4 LEARNING BEHAVIORAL MODELS AND REVERSIBLE INACTIVATION TECHNIQUES
  • 8.5 DISSOCIATING INDEPENDENT LEARNING AND MEMORY PROCESSES
  • 8.6 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES
• 9. Enhanced Learning Protects Brain against Effects of Amnesic Treatments
  Roberto A. Prado-Alcalá, Rigoberto Salado-Castillo, César Quiroz, María Eugenia Garín-Aguilar, Arnulfo Díaz-Trujillo, Selva Rivas-Arancibia, and Gina L. Quírarte.
  • 9.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 9.2 PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ENHANCED TRAINING
  • 9.3 OVERTRAINING OF POSITIVELY REINFORCED LEARNING
  • 9.4 TWO MODELS
  • 9.5 CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
• 10. Studies of Short-Term Avoidance Memory
  Martín Cammarota, Lia R.M. Bevilaqua, Jorge H. Medina, and Iván Izquierdo.
  • 10.1 SUMMARY
  • 10.2 INTRODUCTION
  • 10.3 STM AND LTM: PARALLEL OR SEQUENTIAL?
  • 10.4 ROLE OF HIPPOCAMPUS IN SHORT- AND LONG-TERM AVOIDANCE MEMORY
  • 10.5 ROLE OF ENTORHINAL CORTEX IN SHORT- AND LONG-TERM AVOIDANCE MEMORY
  • 10.6 ROLES OF OTHER CORTICAL REGIONS AND AMYGDALA IN SHORT- AND LONG-TERM AVOIDANCE MEMORY
  • 10.7 NEUROBIOLOGICAL SEPARATION OF SHORT- AND LONG-TERM AVOIDANCE MEMORY
  • 10.8 STM AND LTM ARE BEHAVIORALLY DIFFERENT
  • 10.9 BIOCHEMISTRY OF SHORT-TERM MEMORY
  • 10.10 PHARMACOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF IA WORKING MEMORY
  • 10.11 CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
• 11. Memory Reconsolidation or Updating Consolidation?
  Carlos J. Rodriguez-Ortiz and Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni.
  • 11.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 11.2 CONSOLIDATION HYPOTHESIS
  • 11.3 RECONSOLIDATION ERA
  • 11.4 ON RESTRAINTS OF RECONSOLIDATION HYPOTHESIS
  • 11.5 CONSOLIDATION AND RECONSOLIDATION: THE SAME PROCESS?
  • 11.6 RECONSOLIDATION HYPOTHESIS RECONSIDERED: UPDATING CONSOLIDATION PROPOSAL
  • REFERENCES
• 12. Memory Impairments Associated with Stress and Aging
  Carmen Sandi.
  • 12.1 STRESS
  • 12.2 AGING
  • 12.3 CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
• 13. Adrenal Stress Hormones and Enhanced Memory for Emotionally Arousing Experiences
  Christa K. McIntyre and Benno Roozendaal.
  • 13.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 13.2 STRESS HORMONE EFFECTS ON MEMORY CONSOLIDATION
  • 13.3 STRESS HORMONES SELECTIVELY ENHANCE MEMORY CONSOLIDATION OF EMOTIONALLY AROUSING EXPERIENCES
  • 13.4 INVOLVEMENT OF AMYGDALA IN MEDIATING STRESS HORMONE EFFECTS ON MEMORY CONSOLIDATION
  • 13.5 ROLE OF EMOTIONAL AROUSAL-INDUCED NORADRENERGIC ACTIVATION WITHIN AMYGDALA IN ENABLING EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCOCORTICOID EFFECTS ON MEMORY CONSOLIDATION
  • 13.6 CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
• 14. Neuro-Immune Associative Learning
  Gustavo Pacheco-López, Maj-Britt Niemi, Harald Engler, and Manfred Schedlowski.
  • 14.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 14.2 PHENOMENON: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EXTEROCEPTIVE AND IMMUNE STIMULI
  • 14.3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR NEURO-IMMUNE ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING
  • 14.4 NEUROBIOLOGY OF NEURO-IMMUNE ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING
  • 14.5 BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE OF NEURO-IMMUNE ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING
  • 14.6 CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF NEURO-IMMUNE ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING
  • 14.7 SUMMARY AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
  • REFERENCES
• 15. Human Brain Imaging Studies of Emotional Memory: Uncovering Influences of Sex and Hemisphere
  Larry Cahill.
  • 15.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 15.2 THE AMYGDALA: BUILT TO MODULATE
  • 15.3 HUMAN SUBJECT STUDIES RELATING AMYGDALA ACTIVITY TO EMOTIONAL MEMORY
  • 15.4 AN ASIDE ON SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE BRAIN
  • 15.5 SEX-RELATED INFLUENCES ON AMYGDALA RELATION TO MEMORY FOR EMOTIONAL EVENTS
  • 15.6 SEX DIFFERENCES IN HUMAN AMYGDALA FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY AT REST
  • 15.7 POTENTIAL RELATIONSHIP OF SEX-RELATED AMYGDALA HEMISPHERIC SPECIALIZATION TO HEMISPHERIC GLOBAL AND LOCAL PROCESSING BIAS
  • 15.8 SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR DISEASE STATES
  • 15.9 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES

Series editors: Sidney A Simon and Miguel AL Nicolelis

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use.