beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 3, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta- ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes KR domains found in many multidomain PKSs, including six of seven Sorangium cellulosum PKSs (encoded by spiDEFGHIJ) which participate in the synthesis of the polyketide scaffold of the cytotoxic spiroketal polyketide spirangien. These seven PKSs have either a single PKS module (SpiF), two PKR modules (SpiD,-E,-I,-J), or three PKS modules (SpiG,-H). This subfamily includes the second KR domains of SpiE,-G, I, and -J, both KR domains of SpiD, and the third KR domain of SpiH. The single KR domain of SpiF, the first and second KR domains of SpiH, the first KR domains of SpiE,-G,- I, and -J, and the third KR domain of SpiG, belong to a different KR_FAS_SDR subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
:
Pssm-ID: 187659 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 448 Bit Score: 351.57 E-value: 4.83e-107
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
5610-5695
1.17e-28
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
:
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 112.34 E-value: 1.17e-28
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
2623-2701
7.13e-27
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
:
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 106.95 E-value: 7.13e-27
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
4140-4214
1.05e-24
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
:
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 100.79 E-value: 1.05e-24
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
2720-3140
0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 616.49 E-value: 0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
1007-1422
0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 606.48 E-value: 0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
4247-4659
0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 587.22 E-value: 0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
10-414
0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 576.43 E-value: 0e+00
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
2723-3142
8.19e-167
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 516.88 E-value: 8.19e-167
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
1009-1422
4.69e-158
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 491.84 E-value: 4.69e-158
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
4249-4660
4.83e-158
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 491.84 E-value: 4.83e-158
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
12-414
1.29e-142
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 447.55 E-value: 1.29e-142
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 3, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta- ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes KR domains found in many multidomain PKSs, including six of seven Sorangium cellulosum PKSs (encoded by spiDEFGHIJ) which participate in the synthesis of the polyketide scaffold of the cytotoxic spiroketal polyketide spirangien. These seven PKSs have either a single PKS module (SpiF), two PKR modules (SpiD,-E,-I,-J), or three PKS modules (SpiG,-H). This subfamily includes the second KR domains of SpiE,-G, I, and -J, both KR domains of SpiD, and the third KR domain of SpiH. The single KR domain of SpiF, the first and second KR domains of SpiH, the first KR domains of SpiE,-G,- I, and -J, and the third KR domain of SpiG, belong to a different KR_FAS_SDR subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187659 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 448 Bit Score: 351.57 E-value: 4.83e-107
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
2720-2969
1.41e-97
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 316.11 E-value: 1.41e-97
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
1008-1801
2.80e-91
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 335.05 E-value: 2.80e-91
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
2719-3521
3.12e-89
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 328.50 E-value: 3.12e-89
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
1007-1251
4.39e-88
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 289.15 E-value: 4.39e-88
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
4248-5028
1.64e-86
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 319.64 E-value: 1.64e-86
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
4247-4487
3.80e-84
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 277.59 E-value: 3.80e-84
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
12-808
2.67e-67
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 256.09 E-value: 2.67e-67
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step ...
2358-2533
2.25e-51
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 214833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 180.76 E-value: 2.25e-51
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the ...
2359-2533
2.19e-46
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 430138 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 166.58 E-value: 2.19e-46
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
5610-5695
1.17e-28
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 112.34 E-value: 1.17e-28
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
2623-2701
7.13e-27
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 106.95 E-value: 7.13e-27
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
4140-4214
1.05e-24
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 100.79 E-value: 1.05e-24
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
4154-4214
1.24e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 57.19 E-value: 1.24e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
2632-2692
2.26e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 56.42 E-value: 2.26e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
5624-5686
2.06e-08
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 53.72 E-value: 2.06e-08
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
2720-3140
0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 616.49 E-value: 0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
1007-1422
0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 606.48 E-value: 0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
4247-4659
0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 587.22 E-value: 0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
10-414
0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 576.43 E-value: 0e+00
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
2723-3142
8.19e-167
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 516.88 E-value: 8.19e-167
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
1009-1422
4.69e-158
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 491.84 E-value: 4.69e-158
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
4249-4660
4.83e-158
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 491.84 E-value: 4.83e-158
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain ...
3640-4111
1.40e-143
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes KR domains found in many multidomain PKSs, including six of seven Sorangium cellulosum PKSs (encoded by spiDEFGHIJ) which participate in the synthesis of the polyketide scaffold of the cytotoxic spiroketal polyketide spirangien. These seven PKSs have either a single PKS module (SpiF), two PKR modules (SpiD,-E,-I,-J), or three PKS modules (SpiG,-H). This subfamily includes the single KR domain of SpiF, the first KR domains of SpiE,-G,H,-I,and #J, the third KR domain of SpiG, and the second KR domain of SpiH. The second KR domains of SpiE,-G, I, and #J, and the KR domains of SpiD, belong to a different KR_FAS_SDR subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187655 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 480 Bit Score: 458.17 E-value: 1.40e-143
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
12-414
1.29e-142
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 447.55 E-value: 1.29e-142
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain ...
5127-5593
1.55e-131
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes KR domains found in many multidomain PKSs, including six of seven Sorangium cellulosum PKSs (encoded by spiDEFGHIJ) which participate in the synthesis of the polyketide scaffold of the cytotoxic spiroketal polyketide spirangien. These seven PKSs have either a single PKS module (SpiF), two PKR modules (SpiD,-E,-I,-J), or three PKS modules (SpiG,-H). This subfamily includes the single KR domain of SpiF, the first KR domains of SpiE,-G,H,-I,and #J, the third KR domain of SpiG, and the second KR domain of SpiH. The second KR domains of SpiE,-G, I, and #J, and the KR domains of SpiD, belong to a different KR_FAS_SDR subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187655 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 480 Bit Score: 423.51 E-value: 1.55e-131
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 3, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta- ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes KR domains found in many multidomain PKSs, including six of seven Sorangium cellulosum PKSs (encoded by spiDEFGHIJ) which participate in the synthesis of the polyketide scaffold of the cytotoxic spiroketal polyketide spirangien. These seven PKSs have either a single PKS module (SpiF), two PKR modules (SpiD,-E,-I,-J), or three PKS modules (SpiG,-H). This subfamily includes the second KR domains of SpiE,-G, I, and -J, both KR domains of SpiD, and the third KR domain of SpiH. The single KR domain of SpiF, the first and second KR domains of SpiH, the first KR domains of SpiE,-G,- I, and -J, and the third KR domain of SpiG, belong to a different KR_FAS_SDR subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187659 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 448 Bit Score: 351.57 E-value: 4.83e-107
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
2720-2969
1.41e-97
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 316.11 E-value: 1.41e-97
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
1008-1801
2.80e-91
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 335.05 E-value: 2.80e-91
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
2719-3521
3.12e-89
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 328.50 E-value: 3.12e-89
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
1007-1251
4.39e-88
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 289.15 E-value: 4.39e-88
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
4248-5028
1.64e-86
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 319.64 E-value: 1.64e-86
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
4247-4487
3.80e-84
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 277.59 E-value: 3.80e-84
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 2, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase, has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a short-chain dehydrogenases/reductase (SDR) family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerizes but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. In some instances, as in porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD binding domain of the MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic asparagine and tyrosine are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular polyketide synthases are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) fatty acid synthase. In some instances, such as porcine FAS , an enoyl reductase module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER). Polyketide syntheses also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes the KR domain of the Lyngbya majuscule Jam J, -K, and #L which are encoded on the jam gene cluster and are involved in the synthesis of the Jamaicamides (neurotoxins); Lyngbya majuscule Jam P belongs to a different KR_FAS_SDR_x subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187658 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 376 Bit Score: 264.53 E-value: 8.96e-78
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain ...
2135-2576
4.27e-77
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes KR domains found in many multidomain PKSs, including six of seven Sorangium cellulosum PKSs (encoded by spiDEFGHIJ) which participate in the synthesis of the polyketide scaffold of the cytotoxic spiroketal polyketide spirangien. These seven PKSs have either a single PKS module (SpiF), two PKR modules (SpiD,-E,-I,-J), or three PKS modules (SpiG,-H). This subfamily includes the single KR domain of SpiF, the first KR domains of SpiE,-G,H,-I,and #J, the third KR domain of SpiG, and the second KR domain of SpiH. The second KR domains of SpiE,-G, I, and #J, and the KR domains of SpiD, belong to a different KR_FAS_SDR subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187655 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 480 Bit Score: 266.34 E-value: 4.27e-77
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
10-246
8.19e-77
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 256.79 E-value: 8.19e-77
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 3, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta- ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes KR domains found in many multidomain PKSs, including six of seven Sorangium cellulosum PKSs (encoded by spiDEFGHIJ) which participate in the synthesis of the polyketide scaffold of the cytotoxic spiroketal polyketide spirangien. These seven PKSs have either a single PKS module (SpiF), two PKR modules (SpiD,-E,-I,-J), or three PKS modules (SpiG,-H). This subfamily includes the second KR domains of SpiE,-G, I, and -J, both KR domains of SpiD, and the third KR domain of SpiH. The single KR domain of SpiF, the first and second KR domains of SpiH, the first KR domains of SpiE,-G,- I, and -J, and the third KR domain of SpiG, belong to a different KR_FAS_SDR subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187659 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 448 Bit Score: 259.12 E-value: 6.06e-75
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 3, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta- ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes KR domains found in many multidomain PKSs, including six of seven Sorangium cellulosum PKSs (encoded by spiDEFGHIJ) which participate in the synthesis of the polyketide scaffold of the cytotoxic spiroketal polyketide spirangien. These seven PKSs have either a single PKS module (SpiF), two PKR modules (SpiD,-E,-I,-J), or three PKS modules (SpiG,-H). This subfamily includes the second KR domains of SpiE,-G, I, and -J, both KR domains of SpiD, and the third KR domain of SpiH. The single KR domain of SpiF, the first and second KR domains of SpiH, the first KR domains of SpiE,-G,- I, and -J, and the third KR domain of SpiG, belong to a different KR_FAS_SDR subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187659 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 448 Bit Score: 250.26 E-value: 6.40e-72
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of ...
3723-4097
3.74e-68
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consist of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthase uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187582 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 236.90 E-value: 3.74e-68
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Malonyl ...
1528-1793
5.21e-68
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440100 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 306 Bit Score: 233.48 E-value: 5.21e-68
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
12-808
2.67e-67
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 256.09 E-value: 2.67e-67
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Malonyl ...
4761-5021
3.22e-67
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440100 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 306 Bit Score: 231.17 E-value: 3.22e-67
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Malonyl ...
3249-3527
2.94e-65
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440100 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 306 Bit Score: 225.78 E-value: 2.94e-65
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 2, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase, has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a short-chain dehydrogenases/reductase (SDR) family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerizes but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. In some instances, as in porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD binding domain of the MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic asparagine and tyrosine are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular polyketide synthases are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) fatty acid synthase. In some instances, such as porcine FAS , an enoyl reductase module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER). Polyketide syntheses also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes the KR domain of the Lyngbya majuscule Jam J, -K, and #L which are encoded on the jam gene cluster and are involved in the synthesis of the Jamaicamides (neurotoxins); Lyngbya majuscule Jam P belongs to a different KR_FAS_SDR_x subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187658 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 376 Bit Score: 225.24 E-value: 3.70e-64
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible ...
1008-1418
1.46e-63
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible for the elongation steps in fatty acid biosynthesis. KASIII catalyses the initial condensation and KAS I and II catalyze further elongation steps by Claisen condensation of malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) with acyl-ACP.
Pssm-ID: 238430 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 406 Bit Score: 224.73 E-value: 1.46e-63
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of ...
5233-5568
1.69e-63
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consist of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthase uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187582 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 223.41 E-value: 1.69e-63
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 2, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase, has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a short-chain dehydrogenases/reductase (SDR) family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerizes but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. In some instances, as in porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD binding domain of the MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic asparagine and tyrosine are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular polyketide synthases are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) fatty acid synthase. In some instances, such as porcine FAS , an enoyl reductase module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER). Polyketide syntheses also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes the KR domain of the Lyngbya majuscule Jam J, -K, and #L which are encoded on the jam gene cluster and are involved in the synthesis of the Jamaicamides (neurotoxins); Lyngbya majuscule Jam P belongs to a different KR_FAS_SDR_x subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187658 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 376 Bit Score: 222.93 E-value: 1.98e-63
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary ...
2732-3136
3.13e-63
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism]; 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440073 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 409 Bit Score: 223.82 E-value: 3.13e-63
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of ...
2242-2581
4.24e-62
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consist of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthase uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187582 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 219.18 E-value: 4.24e-62
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible ...
2736-3136
2.23e-61
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible for the elongation steps in fatty acid biosynthesis. KASIII catalyses the initial condensation and KAS I and II catalyze further elongation steps by Claisen condensation of malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) with acyl-ACP.
Pssm-ID: 238430 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 406 Bit Score: 218.18 E-value: 2.23e-61
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary ...
12-415
8.89e-61
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism]; 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440073 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 409 Bit Score: 216.50 E-value: 8.89e-61
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary ...
1019-1418
3.65e-60
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism]; 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440073 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 409 Bit Score: 214.96 E-value: 3.65e-60
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible ...
12-414
2.47e-57
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible for the elongation steps in fatty acid biosynthesis. KASIII catalyses the initial condensation and KAS I and II catalyze further elongation steps by Claisen condensation of malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) with acyl-ACP.
Pssm-ID: 238430 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 406 Bit Score: 206.62 E-value: 2.47e-57
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new ...
2809-3140
6.31e-56
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond by a decarboxylating Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and polyketides, a diverse group of natural products. Both pathways are an iterative series of additions of small carbon units, usually acetate, to a nascent acyl group. There are 2 classes of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, which can be distinguished by sequence similarity, type of active site residues and type of primer units (acetyl CoA or acyl carrier protein (ACP) linked units).
Pssm-ID: 238421 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 199.78 E-value: 6.31e-56
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible ...
4260-4659
7.30e-56
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible for the elongation steps in fatty acid biosynthesis. KASIII catalyses the initial condensation and KAS I and II catalyze further elongation steps by Claisen condensation of malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) with acyl-ACP.
Pssm-ID: 238430 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 406 Bit Score: 202.38 E-value: 7.30e-56
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step ...
3868-4048
1.96e-53
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 214833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 186.53 E-value: 1.96e-53
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new ...
1090-1422
2.37e-53
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond by a decarboxylating Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and polyketides, a diverse group of natural products. Both pathways are an iterative series of additions of small carbon units, usually acetate, to a nascent acyl group. There are 2 classes of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, which can be distinguished by sequence similarity, type of active site residues and type of primer units (acetyl CoA or acyl carrier protein (ACP) linked units).
Pssm-ID: 238421 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 192.47 E-value: 2.37e-53
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new ...
4326-4659
3.78e-53
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond by a decarboxylating Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and polyketides, a diverse group of natural products. Both pathways are an iterative series of additions of small carbon units, usually acetate, to a nascent acyl group. There are 2 classes of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, which can be distinguished by sequence similarity, type of active site residues and type of primer units (acetyl CoA or acyl carrier protein (ACP) linked units).
Pssm-ID: 238421 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 191.70 E-value: 3.78e-53
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary ...
4259-4659
9.83e-53
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism]; 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440073 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 409 Bit Score: 193.00 E-value: 9.83e-53
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis ...
1529-1800
4.25e-52
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis transfers the malonyl moeity from coenzyme A to acyl-carrier protein. The seed alignment for this family of proteins contains a single member each from a number of bacterial species but also an additional pair of closely related, uncharacterized proteins from B. subtilis, one of which has a long C-terminal extension. [Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism, Biosynthesis]
Pssm-ID: 272922 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 187.29 E-value: 4.25e-52
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step ...
2358-2533
2.25e-51
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 214833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 180.76 E-value: 2.25e-51
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new ...
84-414
1.10e-50
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond by a decarboxylating Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and polyketides, a diverse group of natural products. Both pathways are an iterative series of additions of small carbon units, usually acetate, to a nascent acyl group. There are 2 classes of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, which can be distinguished by sequence similarity, type of active site residues and type of primer units (acetyl CoA or acyl carrier protein (ACP) linked units).
Pssm-ID: 238421 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 184.76 E-value: 1.10e-50
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis ...
4762-5021
1.81e-49
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis transfers the malonyl moeity from coenzyme A to acyl-carrier protein. The seed alignment for this family of proteins contains a single member each from a number of bacterial species but also an additional pair of closely related, uncharacterized proteins from B. subtilis, one of which has a long C-terminal extension. [Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism, Biosynthesis]
Pssm-ID: 272922 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 179.59 E-value: 1.81e-49
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step ...
5343-5490
9.97e-49
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 214833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 173.05 E-value: 9.97e-49
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
2977-3093
1.10e-48
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 426989 Cd Length: 118 Bit Score: 170.44 E-value: 1.10e-48
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis ...
3249-3521
9.77e-48
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis transfers the malonyl moeity from coenzyme A to acyl-carrier protein. The seed alignment for this family of proteins contains a single member each from a number of bacterial species but also an additional pair of closely related, uncharacterized proteins from B. subtilis, one of which has a long C-terminal extension. [Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism, Biosynthesis]
Pssm-ID: 272922 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 174.58 E-value: 9.77e-48
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
1259-1375
1.13e-47
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 426989 Cd Length: 118 Bit Score: 167.75 E-value: 1.13e-47
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Malonyl ...
522-811
9.47e-47
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440100 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 306 Bit Score: 172.23 E-value: 9.47e-47
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the ...
2359-2533
2.19e-46
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 430138 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 166.58 E-value: 2.19e-46
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
4495-4611
3.20e-46
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 426989 Cd Length: 118 Bit Score: 163.51 E-value: 3.20e-46
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain ...
3745-4097
1.52e-44
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes both KR domains of the Bacillus subtilis Pks J,-L, and PksM, and all three KR domains of PksN, components of the megacomplex bacillaene synthase, which synthesizes the antibiotic bacillaene. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187656 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 436 Bit Score: 170.24 E-value: 1.52e-44
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain ...
2249-2581
1.06e-43
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes both KR domains of the Bacillus subtilis Pks J,-L, and PksM, and all three KR domains of PksN, components of the megacomplex bacillaene synthase, which synthesizes the antibiotic bacillaene. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187656 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 436 Bit Score: 167.54 E-value: 1.06e-43
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, ...
10-414
4.72e-43
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, including beta-ketoacyl [ACP] synthase, type I and II and polyketide synthases.They are characterized by the utlization of acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesters as primer substrates, as well as the nature of their active site residues.
Pssm-ID: 238424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 407 Bit Score: 164.92 E-value: 4.72e-43
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the ...
3868-4048
1.32e-40
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 430138 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 150.02 E-value: 1.32e-40
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the ...
5343-5496
1.65e-40
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 430138 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 149.63 E-value: 1.65e-40
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, ...
1007-1422
7.43e-40
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, including beta-ketoacyl [ACP] synthase, type I and II and polyketide synthases.They are characterized by the utlization of acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesters as primer substrates, as well as the nature of their active site residues.
Pssm-ID: 238424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 407 Bit Score: 155.67 E-value: 7.43e-40
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
254-370
2.82e-39
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 426989 Cd Length: 118 Bit Score: 143.86 E-value: 2.82e-39
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, ...
2734-3140
7.93e-39
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, including beta-ketoacyl [ACP] synthase, type I and II and polyketide synthases.They are characterized by the utlization of acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesters as primer substrates, as well as the nature of their active site residues.
Pssm-ID: 238424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 407 Bit Score: 152.59 E-value: 7.93e-39
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain ...
5237-5568
8.29e-39
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes both KR domains of the Bacillus subtilis Pks J,-L, and PksM, and all three KR domains of PksN, components of the megacomplex bacillaene synthase, which synthesizes the antibiotic bacillaene. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187656 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 436 Bit Score: 153.29 E-value: 8.29e-39
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, ...
4248-4659
1.95e-37
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, including beta-ketoacyl [ACP] synthase, type I and II and polyketide synthases.They are characterized by the utlization of acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesters as primer substrates, as well as the nature of their active site residues.
Pssm-ID: 238424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 407 Bit Score: 148.36 E-value: 1.95e-37
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) ...
2859-3140
2.81e-30
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are share strong structural similarity, and are involved in the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids, and the production of polyketides, a diverse group of natural products.
Pssm-ID: 238201 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 122.94 E-value: 2.81e-30
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) ...
1141-1422
9.57e-30
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are share strong structural similarity, and are involved in the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids, and the production of polyketides, a diverse group of natural products.
Pssm-ID: 238201 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 121.40 E-value: 9.57e-30
malonate decarboxylase, epsilon subunit; Members of this protein family are the epsilon ...
1531-1813
1.00e-29
malonate decarboxylase, epsilon subunit; Members of this protein family are the epsilon subunit of malonate decarboxylase. This subunit has malonyl-CoA/dephospho-CoA acyltransferase activity. Malonate decarboxylase may be a soluble enzyme, or linked to membrane subunits and active as a sodium pump. The epsilon subunit is closely related to the malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein (ACP) transacylase family described by TIGR00128, but acts on an ACP subunit of malonate decarboxylase that has an unusual coenzyme A derivative as its prothetic group.
Pssm-ID: 132175 Cd Length: 295 Bit Score: 122.81 E-value: 1.00e-29
malonate decarboxylase, epsilon subunit; Members of this protein family are the epsilon ...
4761-5021
1.69e-29
malonate decarboxylase, epsilon subunit; Members of this protein family are the epsilon subunit of malonate decarboxylase. This subunit has malonyl-CoA/dephospho-CoA acyltransferase activity. Malonate decarboxylase may be a soluble enzyme, or linked to membrane subunits and active as a sodium pump. The epsilon subunit is closely related to the malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein (ACP) transacylase family described by TIGR00128, but acts on an ACP subunit of malonate decarboxylase that has an unusual coenzyme A derivative as its prothetic group.
Pssm-ID: 132175 Cd Length: 295 Bit Score: 122.04 E-value: 1.69e-29
malonate decarboxylase, epsilon subunit; Members of this protein family are the epsilon ...
3252-3518
3.42e-29
malonate decarboxylase, epsilon subunit; Members of this protein family are the epsilon subunit of malonate decarboxylase. This subunit has malonyl-CoA/dephospho-CoA acyltransferase activity. Malonate decarboxylase may be a soluble enzyme, or linked to membrane subunits and active as a sodium pump. The epsilon subunit is closely related to the malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein (ACP) transacylase family described by TIGR00128, but acts on an ACP subunit of malonate decarboxylase that has an unusual coenzyme A derivative as its prothetic group.
Pssm-ID: 132175 Cd Length: 295 Bit Score: 121.27 E-value: 3.42e-29
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) ...
4377-4659
8.01e-29
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are share strong structural similarity, and are involved in the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids, and the production of polyketides, a diverse group of natural products.
Pssm-ID: 238201 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 118.70 E-value: 8.01e-29
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
5610-5695
1.17e-28
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 112.34 E-value: 1.17e-28
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis ...
525-798
8.28e-28
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis transfers the malonyl moeity from coenzyme A to acyl-carrier protein. The seed alignment for this family of proteins contains a single member each from a number of bacterial species but also an additional pair of closely related, uncharacterized proteins from B. subtilis, one of which has a long C-terminal extension. [Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism, Biosynthesis]
Pssm-ID: 272922 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 116.80 E-value: 8.28e-28
Polyketide synthase dehydratase; This is the dehydratase domain of polyketide synthases. ...
1878-2136
2.05e-27
Polyketide synthase dehydratase; This is the dehydratase domain of polyketide synthases. Structural analysis shows these DH domains are double hotdogs in which the active site contains a histidine from the N-terminal hotdog and an aspartate from the C-terminal hotdog. Studies have uncovered that a substrate tunnel formed between the DH domains may be essential for loading substrates and unloading products.
Pssm-ID: 434191 Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 115.93 E-value: 2.05e-27
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
2623-2701
7.13e-27
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 106.95 E-value: 7.13e-27
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
4140-4214
1.05e-24
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 100.79 E-value: 1.05e-24
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
892-976
9.33e-24
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 98.09 E-value: 9.33e-24
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) ...
84-414
2.99e-22
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are share strong structural similarity, and are involved in the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids, and the production of polyketides, a diverse group of natural products.
Pssm-ID: 238201 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 99.83 E-value: 2.99e-22
malonate decarboxylase, epsilon subunit; Members of this protein family are the epsilon ...
524-798
3.36e-22
malonate decarboxylase, epsilon subunit; Members of this protein family are the epsilon subunit of malonate decarboxylase. This subunit has malonyl-CoA/dephospho-CoA acyltransferase activity. Malonate decarboxylase may be a soluble enzyme, or linked to membrane subunits and active as a sodium pump. The epsilon subunit is closely related to the malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein (ACP) transacylase family described by TIGR00128, but acts on an ACP subunit of malonate decarboxylase that has an unusual coenzyme A derivative as its prothetic group.
Pssm-ID: 132175 Cd Length: 295 Bit Score: 100.46 E-value: 3.36e-22
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; NADP-dependent KR domain of the multidomain type I FAS, a complex SDR family. This subfamily also includes proteins identified as polyketide synthase (PKS), a protein with related modular protein architecture and similar function. It includes the KR domains of mammalian and chicken FAS, and Dictyostelium discoideum putative polyketide synthases (PKSs). These KR domains contain two subdomains, each of which is related to SDR Rossmann fold domains. However, while the C-terminal subdomain has an active site similar to the other SDRs and a NADP-binding capability, the N-terminal SDR-like subdomain is truncated and lacks these functions, serving a supportive structural role. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD-binding domain of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER); this KR and ER are members of the SDR family. This KR subfamily has an active site tetrad with a similar 3D orientation compared to archetypical SDRs, but the active site Lys and Asn residue positions are swapped. The characteristic NADP-binding is typical of the multidomain complex SDRs, with a GGXGXXG NADP binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187657 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 452 Bit Score: 99.83 E-value: 6.91e-21
Chain-length factor (CLF) is a factor required for polyketide chain initiation of aromatic ...
63-414
1.69e-19
Chain-length factor (CLF) is a factor required for polyketide chain initiation of aromatic antibiotic-producing polyketide synthases (PKSs) of filamentous bacteria. CLFs have been shown to have decarboxylase activity towards malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP). CLFs are similar to other elongation ketosynthase domains, but their active site cysteine is replaced by a conserved glutamine.
Pssm-ID: 238428 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 399 Bit Score: 94.73 E-value: 1.69e-19
Chain-length factor (CLF) is a factor required for polyketide chain initiation of aromatic ...
2732-3140
3.17e-19
Chain-length factor (CLF) is a factor required for polyketide chain initiation of aromatic antibiotic-producing polyketide synthases (PKSs) of filamentous bacteria. CLFs have been shown to have decarboxylase activity towards malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP). CLFs are similar to other elongation ketosynthase domains, but their active site cysteine is replaced by a conserved glutamine.
Pssm-ID: 238428 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 399 Bit Score: 93.96 E-value: 3.17e-19
Chain-length factor (CLF) is a factor required for polyketide chain initiation of aromatic ...
1019-1379
1.88e-18
Chain-length factor (CLF) is a factor required for polyketide chain initiation of aromatic antibiotic-producing polyketide synthases (PKSs) of filamentous bacteria. CLFs have been shown to have decarboxylase activity towards malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP). CLFs are similar to other elongation ketosynthase domains, but their active site cysteine is replaced by a conserved glutamine.
Pssm-ID: 238428 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 399 Bit Score: 91.65 E-value: 1.88e-18
Chain-length factor (CLF) is a factor required for polyketide chain initiation of aromatic ...
4387-4659
7.32e-17
Chain-length factor (CLF) is a factor required for polyketide chain initiation of aromatic antibiotic-producing polyketide synthases (PKSs) of filamentous bacteria. CLFs have been shown to have decarboxylase activity towards malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP). CLFs are similar to other elongation ketosynthase domains, but their active site cysteine is replaced by a conserved glutamine.
Pssm-ID: 238428 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 399 Bit Score: 86.65 E-value: 7.32e-17
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; NADP-dependent KR domain of the multidomain type I FAS, a complex SDR family. This subfamily also includes proteins identified as polyketide synthase (PKS), a protein with related modular protein architecture and similar function. It includes the KR domains of mammalian and chicken FAS, and Dictyostelium discoideum putative polyketide synthases (PKSs). These KR domains contain two subdomains, each of which is related to SDR Rossmann fold domains. However, while the C-terminal subdomain has an active site similar to the other SDRs and a NADP-binding capability, the N-terminal SDR-like subdomain is truncated and lacks these functions, serving a supportive structural role. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD-binding domain of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER); this KR and ER are members of the SDR family. This KR subfamily has an active site tetrad with a similar 3D orientation compared to archetypical SDRs, but the active site Lys and Asn residue positions are swapped. The characteristic NADP-binding is typical of the multidomain complex SDRs, with a GGXGXXG NADP binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187657 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 452 Bit Score: 83.27 E-value: 1.42e-15
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a ...
1377-1493
2.18e-15
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a subset of proteins from the keto-acyl-synthetase 2 family. It is found in proteins ranging from bacteria to human.
Pssm-ID: 465059 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 111 Bit Score: 75.27 E-value: 2.18e-15
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a ...
372-491
2.38e-15
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a subset of proteins from the keto-acyl-synthetase 2 family. It is found in proteins ranging from bacteria to human.
Pssm-ID: 465059 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 111 Bit Score: 75.27 E-value: 2.38e-15
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR); SDRs are a functionally diverse family of ...
3952-4093
4.28e-15
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR); SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase (KR) domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187535 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 186 Bit Score: 76.79 E-value: 4.28e-15
NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family [Lipid transport and ...
5344-5487
2.32e-13
NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family [Lipid transport and metabolism]; NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440651 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 249 Bit Score: 73.28 E-value: 2.32e-13
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; NADP-dependent KR domain of the multidomain type I FAS, a complex SDR family. This subfamily also includes proteins identified as polyketide synthase (PKS), a protein with related modular protein architecture and similar function. It includes the KR domains of mammalian and chicken FAS, and Dictyostelium discoideum putative polyketide synthases (PKSs). These KR domains contain two subdomains, each of which is related to SDR Rossmann fold domains. However, while the C-terminal subdomain has an active site similar to the other SDRs and a NADP-binding capability, the N-terminal SDR-like subdomain is truncated and lacks these functions, serving a supportive structural role. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD-binding domain of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER); this KR and ER are members of the SDR family. This KR subfamily has an active site tetrad with a similar 3D orientation compared to archetypical SDRs, but the active site Lys and Asn residue positions are swapped. The characteristic NADP-binding is typical of the multidomain complex SDRs, with a GGXGXXG NADP binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187657 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 452 Bit Score: 69.01 E-value: 4.42e-11
NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase YdfG [Energy production and conversion]; ...
5344-5460
2.02e-10
NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase YdfG [Energy production and conversion]; NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase YdfG is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Pyrimidine degradation
Pssm-ID: 443365 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 240 Bit Score: 64.43 E-value: 2.02e-10
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a ...
3095-3157
7.01e-10
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a subset of proteins from the keto-acyl-synthetase 2 family. It is found in proteins ranging from bacteria to human.
Pssm-ID: 465059 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 111 Bit Score: 59.48 E-value: 7.01e-10
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
4154-4214
1.24e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 57.19 E-value: 1.24e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
2632-2692
2.26e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 56.42 E-value: 2.26e-09
classical (c) SDRs; SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a ...
5345-5487
2.49e-09
classical (c) SDRs; SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 212491 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 234 Bit Score: 61.15 E-value: 2.49e-09
3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR) and related proteins, classical (c) SDR; These ...
5344-5486
1.80e-08
3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR) and related proteins, classical (c) SDR; These proteins include members identified as KDSR, ribitol type dehydrogenase, and others. The group shows strong conservation of the active site tetrad and glycine rich NAD-binding motif of the classical SDRs. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187643 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 239 Bit Score: 58.80 E-value: 1.80e-08
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
5624-5686
2.06e-08
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 53.72 E-value: 2.06e-08
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR); SDRs are a functionally diverse family of ...
5345-5487
1.82e-07
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR); SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase (KR) domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187535 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 186 Bit Score: 54.83 E-value: 1.82e-07
HetN oxidoreductase-like, classical (c) SDR; This subgroup includes Anabaena sp. strain PCC ...
5344-5446
3.15e-07
HetN oxidoreductase-like, classical (c) SDR; This subgroup includes Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 HetN, a putative oxidoreductase involved in heterocyst differentiation, and related proteins. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 212493 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 223 Bit Score: 54.68 E-value: 3.15e-07
Polyketide synthase dimerization element domain; This is the dimerization element domain found ...
3597-3646
3.47e-07
Polyketide synthase dimerization element domain; This is the dimerization element domain found in bacterial modular polyketide synthase ketoreductases. The dimerization element (DE) domain is N-terminal to the KR domain pfam08659. DE domain is necessary for KR function, presumably because the dimeric DE orients the KR domains for optimal activity within a module.
Pssm-ID: 436444 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 45 Bit Score: 49.52 E-value: 3.47e-07
UDP-glucose 4 epimerase, subgroup 1, extended (e) SDRs; UDP-glucose 4 epimerase (aka UDP-galactose-4-epimerase), is a homodimeric extended SDR. It catalyzes the NAD-dependent conversion of UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose, the final step in Leloir galactose synthesis. This subgroup has the characteristic active site tetrad and NAD-binding motif of the extended SDRs. Extended SDRs are distinct from classical SDRs. In addition to the Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids. Extended SDRs are a diverse collection of proteins, and include isomerases, epimerases, oxidoreductases, and lyases; they typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Atypical SDRs generally lack the catalytic residues characteristic of the SDRs, and their glycine-rich NAD(P)-binding motif is often different from the forms normally seen in classical or extended SDRs. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
Pssm-ID: 187558 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 323 Bit Score: 55.62 E-value: 4.60e-07
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a ...
4613-4660
5.83e-07
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a subset of proteins from the keto-acyl-synthetase 2 family. It is found in proteins ranging from bacteria to human.
Pssm-ID: 465059 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 111 Bit Score: 51.39 E-value: 5.83e-07
NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family [Lipid transport and ...
2359-2500
6.04e-07
NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family [Lipid transport and metabolism]; NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440651 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 249 Bit Score: 54.41 E-value: 6.04e-07
beta-Keto acyl carrier protein reductase (BKR), involved in Type II FAS, classical (c) SDRs; ...
5344-5487
2.69e-06
beta-Keto acyl carrier protein reductase (BKR), involved in Type II FAS, classical (c) SDRs; This subgroup includes the Escherichai coli K12 BKR, FabG. BKR catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of ACP in the first reductive step of de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS). FAS consists of four elongation steps, which are repeated to extend the fatty acid chain through the addition of two-carbo units from malonyl acyl-carrier protein (ACP): condensation, reduction, dehydration, and a final reduction. Type II FAS, typical of plants and many bacteria, maintains these activities on discrete polypeptides, while type I FAS utilizes one or two multifunctional polypeptides. BKR resembles enoyl reductase, which catalyzes the second reduction step in FAS. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) NAD(P)(H) binding region and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H) binding pattern: TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P) binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P) binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr-151 and Lys-155, and well as Asn-111 (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.
Pssm-ID: 187594 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 240 Bit Score: 52.16 E-value: 2.69e-06
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
921-967
2.84e-06
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 47.56 E-value: 2.84e-06
Thiolase are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the reversible thiolytic cleavage of ...
1100-1203
3.58e-06
Thiolase are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the reversible thiolytic cleavage of 3-ketoacyl-CoA into acyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA, a 2-step reaction involving a covalent intermediate formed with a catalytic cysteine. They are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (cytosol, microbodies and mitochondria). There are 2 functional different classes: thiolase-I (3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase) and thiolase-II (acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase). Thiolase-I can cleave longer fatty acid molecules and plays an important role in the beta-oxidative degradation of fatty acids. Thiolase-II has a high substrate specificity. Although it can cleave acetoacyl-CoA, its main function is the synthesis of acetoacyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA, which gives it importance in several biosynthetic pathways.
Pssm-ID: 238383 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 386 Bit Score: 53.25 E-value: 3.58e-06
putative D-mannonate oxidoreductase, classical (c) SDR; D-mannonate oxidoreductase catalyzes the NAD-dependent interconversion of D-mannonate and D-fructuronate. This subgroup includes Bacillus subtitils UxuB/YjmF, a putative D-mannonate oxidoreductase; the B. subtilis UxuB gene is part of a putative ten-gene operon (the Yjm operon) involved in hexuronate catabolism. Escherichia coli UxuB does not belong to this subgroup. This subgroup has a canonical active site tetrad and a typical Gly-rich NAD-binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187640 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 271 Bit Score: 51.69 E-value: 5.36e-06
acetyl-CoA acetyltransferases; This model represents a large family of enzymes which catalyze ...
1165-1203
8.69e-06
acetyl-CoA acetyltransferases; This model represents a large family of enzymes which catalyze the thiolysis of a linear fatty acid CoA (or acetoacetyl-CoA) using a second CoA molecule to produce acetyl-CoA and a CoA-ester product two carbons shorter (or, alternatively, the condensation of two molecules of acetyl-CoA to produce acetoacetyl-CoA and CoA). This enzyme is also known as "thiolase", "3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase", "beta-ketothiolase" and "Fatty oxidation complex beta subunit". When catalyzing the degradative reaction on fatty acids the corresponding EC number is 2.3.1.16. The condensation reaction corresponds to 2.3.1.9. Note that the enzymes which catalyze the condensation are generally not involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, which is carried out by a decarboxylating condensation of acetyl and malonyl esters of acyl carrier proteins. Rather, this activity may produce acetoacetyl-CoA for pathways such as IPP biosynthesis in the absence of sufficient fatty acid oxidation. [Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism, Other]
Pssm-ID: 273881 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 385 Bit Score: 51.84 E-value: 8.69e-06
NAD dependent epimerase/dehydratase family; This family of proteins utilize NAD as a cofactor. ...
5345-5437
1.07e-05
NAD dependent epimerase/dehydratase family; This family of proteins utilize NAD as a cofactor. The proteins in this family use nucleotide-sugar substrates for a variety of chemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 396097 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 238 Bit Score: 50.37 E-value: 1.07e-05
retinol dehydrogenase (retinol-DH), Light dependent Protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) OxidoReductase (LPOR) and related proteins, classical (c) SDRs; Classical SDR subgroup containing retinol-DHs, LPORs, and related proteins. Retinol is processed by a medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase followed by retinol-DHs. Pchlide reductases act in chlorophyll biosynthesis. There are distinct enzymes that catalyze Pchlide reduction in light or dark conditions. Light-dependent reduction is via an NADP-dependent SDR, LPOR. Proteins in this subfamily share the glycine-rich NAD-binding motif of the classical SDRs, have a partial match to the canonical active site tetrad, but lack the typical active site Ser. This subgroup includes the human proteins: retinol dehydrogenase -12, -13 ,and -14, dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member (DHRS)-12 , -13 and -X (a DHRS on chromosome X), and WWOX (WW domain-containing oxidoreductase), as well as a Neurospora crassa SDR encoded by the blue light inducible bli-4 gene. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 212492 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 269 Bit Score: 50.30 E-value: 1.69e-05
Thiolase are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the reversible thiolytic cleavage of ...
4401-4439
1.87e-05
Thiolase are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the reversible thiolytic cleavage of 3-ketoacyl-CoA into acyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA, a 2-step reaction involving a covalent intermediate formed with a catalytic cysteine. They are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (cytosol, microbodies and mitochondria). There are 2 functional different classes: thiolase-I (3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase) and thiolase-II (acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase). Thiolase-I can cleave longer fatty acid molecules and plays an important role in the beta-oxidative degradation of fatty acids. Thiolase-II has a high substrate specificity. Although it can cleave acetoacyl-CoA, its main function is the synthesis of acetoacyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA, which gives it importance in several biosynthetic pathways.
Pssm-ID: 238383 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 386 Bit Score: 50.94 E-value: 1.87e-05
Thiolase are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the reversible thiolytic cleavage of ...
2883-2921
2.14e-05
Thiolase are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the reversible thiolytic cleavage of 3-ketoacyl-CoA into acyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA, a 2-step reaction involving a covalent intermediate formed with a catalytic cysteine. They are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (cytosol, microbodies and mitochondria). There are 2 functional different classes: thiolase-I (3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase) and thiolase-II (acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase). Thiolase-I can cleave longer fatty acid molecules and plays an important role in the beta-oxidative degradation of fatty acids. Thiolase-II has a high substrate specificity. Although it can cleave acetoacyl-CoA, its main function is the synthesis of acetoacyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA, which gives it importance in several biosynthetic pathways.
Pssm-ID: 238383 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 386 Bit Score: 50.56 E-value: 2.14e-05
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR); SDRs are a functionally diverse family of ...
2360-2538
2.40e-05
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR); SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase (KR) domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187535 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 186 Bit Score: 48.67 E-value: 2.40e-05
acetyl-CoA acetyltransferases; This model represents a large family of enzymes which catalyze ...
2883-2921
3.45e-05
acetyl-CoA acetyltransferases; This model represents a large family of enzymes which catalyze the thiolysis of a linear fatty acid CoA (or acetoacetyl-CoA) using a second CoA molecule to produce acetyl-CoA and a CoA-ester product two carbons shorter (or, alternatively, the condensation of two molecules of acetyl-CoA to produce acetoacetyl-CoA and CoA). This enzyme is also known as "thiolase", "3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase", "beta-ketothiolase" and "Fatty oxidation complex beta subunit". When catalyzing the degradative reaction on fatty acids the corresponding EC number is 2.3.1.16. The condensation reaction corresponds to 2.3.1.9. Note that the enzymes which catalyze the condensation are generally not involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, which is carried out by a decarboxylating condensation of acetyl and malonyl esters of acyl carrier proteins. Rather, this activity may produce acetoacetyl-CoA for pathways such as IPP biosynthesis in the absence of sufficient fatty acid oxidation. [Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism, Other]
Pssm-ID: 273881 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 385 Bit Score: 49.92 E-value: 3.45e-05
sepiapterin reductase (SPR)-like, classical (c) SDRs; Human SPR, a member of the SDR family, ...
5344-5435
4.10e-05
sepiapterin reductase (SPR)-like, classical (c) SDRs; Human SPR, a member of the SDR family, catalyzes the NADP-dependent reduction of sepiaptern to 7,8-dihydrobiopterin (BH2). In addition to SPRs, this subgroup also contains Bacillus cereus yueD, a benzil reductase, which catalyzes the stereospecific reduction of benzil to (S)-benzoin. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187625 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 241 Bit Score: 48.82 E-value: 4.10e-05
Short-chain dehydrogenase involved in D-alanine esterification of teichoic acids [Cell wall ...
5344-5432
4.68e-05
Short-chain dehydrogenase involved in D-alanine esterification of teichoic acids [Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, Lipid transport and metabolism];
Pssm-ID: 443167 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 246 Bit Score: 48.62 E-value: 4.68e-05
human 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase XI-like, classical (c) SDRs; 17-beta-hydroxysteroid ...
5344-5458
5.12e-05
human 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase XI-like, classical (c) SDRs; 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17betaHSD) are a group of isozymes that catalyze activation and inactivation of estrogen and androgens. 17betaHSD type XI, a classical SDR, preferentially converts 3alpha-Adiol to androsterone but not numerous other tested steroids. This subgroup of classical SDRs also includes members identified as retinol dehydrogenases, which convert retinol to retinal, a property that overlaps with 17betaHSD activity. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H)-binding pattern (typically, TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs and TGxxGxxG in extended SDRs), while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, as well as Asn (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.
Pssm-ID: 187598 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 243 Bit Score: 48.39 E-value: 5.12e-05
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 2; Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs, aka Tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases) are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187628 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 228 Bit Score: 47.69 E-value: 7.78e-05
Thiolase domain associated with sterol carrier protein (SCP)-x isoform and related proteins; ...
2811-2932
1.36e-04
Thiolase domain associated with sterol carrier protein (SCP)-x isoform and related proteins; SCP-2 has multiple roles in intracellular lipid circulation and metabolism. The N-terminal presequence in the SCP-x isoform represents a peroxisomal 3-ketacyl-Coa thiolase specific for branched-chain acyl CoAs, which is proteolytically cleaved from the sterol carrier protein.
Pssm-ID: 238425 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 48.03 E-value: 1.36e-04
insect type alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-like, classical (c) SDRs; This subgroup contains ...
5345-5487
1.39e-04
insect type alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-like, classical (c) SDRs; This subgroup contains insect type ADH, and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) type I; these proteins are classical SDRs. ADH catalyzes the NAD+-dependent oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes/ketones. This subgroup is distinct from the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, and evolved in fruit flies to allow the digestion of fermenting fruit. 15-PGDH catalyzes the NAD-dependent interconversion of (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate and (5Z,13E)-11alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-13-enoate, and has a typical SDR glycine-rich NAD-binding motif, which is not fully present in ADH. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187584 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 244 Bit Score: 46.91 E-value: 1.39e-04
Tthb094 and related proteins, classical (c) SDRs; Tthb094 from Thermus Thermophilus is a ...
5345-5458
1.61e-04
Tthb094 and related proteins, classical (c) SDRs; Tthb094 from Thermus Thermophilus is a classical SDR which binds NADP. Members of this subgroup contain the YXXXK active site characteristic of SDRs. Also, an upstream Asn residue of the canonical catalytic tetrad is partially conserved in this subgroup of proteins of undetermined function. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 212496 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 206 Bit Score: 46.36 E-value: 1.61e-04
mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH)-like, classical (c) SDRs; NADP-mannitol dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of fructose to mannitol, an acyclic 6-carbon sugar. MDH is a tetrameric member of the SDR family. This subgroup also includes various other tetrameric SDRs, including Pichia stipitis D-arabinitol dehydrogenase (aka polyol dehydrogenase), Candida albicans Sou1p, a sorbose reductase, and Candida parapsilosis (S)-specific carbonyl reductase (SCR, aka S-specific alcohol dehydrogenase) which catalyzes the enantioselective reduction of 2-hydroxyacetophenone into (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H)-binding pattern (typically, TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs and TGxxGxxG in extended SDRs), while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, as well as Asn (or Ser).
Pssm-ID: 187610 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 252 Bit Score: 46.94 E-value: 1.71e-04
UDP-Glcnac (UDP-linked N-acetylglucosamine) inverting 4,6-dehydratase, extended (e) SDRs; UDP-Glcnac inverting 4,6-dehydratase was identified in Helicobacter pylori as the hexameric flaA1 gene product (FlaA1). FlaA1 is hexameric, possesses UDP-GlcNAc-inverting 4,6-dehydratase activity, and catalyzes the first step in the creation of a pseudaminic acid derivative in protein glycosylation. Although this subgroup has the NADP-binding motif characteristic of extended SDRs, its members tend to have a Met substituted for the active site Tyr found in most SDR families. Extended SDRs are distinct from classical SDRs. In addition to the Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids. Extended SDRs are a diverse collection of proteins, and include isomerases, epimerases, oxidoreductases, and lyases; they typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Atypical SDRs generally lack the catalytic residues characteristic of the SDRs, and their glycine-rich NAD(P)-binding motif is often different from the forms normally seen in classical or extended SDRs. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
Pssm-ID: 187548 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 287 Bit Score: 46.46 E-value: 2.66e-04
Escherichia coli Gne (a nucleoside-diphosphate-sugar 4-epimerase)-like, extended (e) SDRs; ...
2358-2448
2.67e-04
Escherichia coli Gne (a nucleoside-diphosphate-sugar 4-epimerase)-like, extended (e) SDRs; Nucleoside-diphosphate-sugar 4-epimerase has the characteristic active site tetrad and NAD-binding motif of the extended SDR, and is related to more specifically defined epimerases such as UDP-glucose 4 epimerase (aka UDP-galactose-4-epimerase), which catalyzes the NAD-dependent conversion of UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose, the final step in Leloir galactose synthesis. This subgroup includes Escherichia coli 055:H7 Gne, a UDP-GlcNAc 4-epimerase, essential for O55 antigen synthesis. Extended SDRs are distinct from classical SDRs. In addition to the Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids. Extended SDRs are a diverse collection of proteins, and include isomerases, epimerases, oxidoreductases, and lyases; they typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Atypical SDRs generally lack the catalytic residues characteristic of the SDRs, and their glycine-rich NAD(P)-binding motif is often different from the forms normally seen in classical or extended SDRs. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
Pssm-ID: 187549 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 305 Bit Score: 46.61 E-value: 2.67e-04
NmrA-like family; NmrA is a negative transcriptional regulator involved in the ...
2360-2439
3.09e-04
NmrA-like family; NmrA is a negative transcriptional regulator involved in the post-translational modification of the transcription factor AreA. NmrA is part of a system controlling nitrogen metabolite repression in fungi. This family only contains a few sequences as iteration results in significant matches to other Rossmann fold families.
Pssm-ID: 398829 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 236 Bit Score: 45.79 E-value: 3.09e-04
gluconate 5-dehydrogenase (Ga5DH)-like, classical (c) SDRs; Ga5DH catalyzes the NADP-dependent conversion of carbon source D-gluconate and 5-keto-D-gluconate. This SDR subgroup has a classical Gly-rich NAD(P)-binding motif and a conserved active site tetrad pattern. However, it has been proposed that Arg104 (Streptococcus suis Ga5DH numbering), as well as an active site Ca2+, play a critical role in catalysis. In addition to Ga5DHs this subgroup contains Erwinia chrysanthemi KduD which is involved in pectin degradation, and is a putative 2,5-diketo-3-deoxygluconate dehydrogenase. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107,15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187605 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 248 Bit Score: 45.81 E-value: 3.29e-04
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 8; This subgroup has a fairly well conserved active site tetrad ...
5344-5432
3.72e-04
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 8; This subgroup has a fairly well conserved active site tetrad and domain size of the classical SDRs, but has an atypical NAD-binding motif ([ST]G[GA]XGXXG). SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187635 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 250 Bit Score: 45.79 E-value: 3.72e-04
NAD dependent epimerase/dehydratase family; This family of proteins utilize NAD as a cofactor. ...
2360-2444
5.53e-04
NAD dependent epimerase/dehydratase family; This family of proteins utilize NAD as a cofactor. The proteins in this family use nucleotide-sugar substrates for a variety of chemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 396097 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 238 Bit Score: 45.37 E-value: 5.53e-04
dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase and related proteins, extended (e) SDRs; ...
5345-5458
7.18e-04
dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase and related proteins, extended (e) SDRs; dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase, an extended SDR, synthesizes dTDP-L-rhamnose from alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate, providing the precursor of L-rhamnose, an essential cell wall component of many pathogenic bacteria. This subgroup has the characteristic active site tetrad and NADP-binding motif. This subgroup also contains human MAT2B, the regulatory subunit of methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT); MAT catalyzes S-adenosylmethionine synthesis. The human gene encoding MAT2B encodes two major splicing variants which are induced in human cell liver cancer and regulate HuR, an mRNA-binding protein which stabilizes the mRNA of several cyclins, to affect cell proliferation. Both MAT2B variants include this extended SDR domain. Extended SDRs are distinct from classical SDRs. In addition to the Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids. Extended SDRs are a diverse collection of proteins, and include isomerases, epimerases, oxidoreductases, and lyases; they typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Atypical SDRs generally lack the catalytic residues characteristic of the SDRs, and their glycine-rich NAD(P)-binding motif is often different from the forms normally seen in classical or extended SDRs. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
Pssm-ID: 187564 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 280 Bit Score: 45.31 E-value: 7.18e-04
NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase YdfG [Energy production and conversion]; ...
2359-2456
7.23e-04
NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase YdfG [Energy production and conversion]; NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase YdfG is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Pyrimidine degradation
Pssm-ID: 443365 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 240 Bit Score: 44.79 E-value: 7.23e-04
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 5; These proteins are members of the classical SDR family, with a ...
5344-5433
7.26e-04
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 5; These proteins are members of the classical SDR family, with a canonical active site tetrad and a typical Gly-rich NAD-binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187604 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 249 Bit Score: 44.96 E-value: 7.26e-04
Thiolase domain associated with sterol carrier protein (SCP)-x isoform and related proteins; ...
1141-1213
8.83e-04
Thiolase domain associated with sterol carrier protein (SCP)-x isoform and related proteins; SCP-2 has multiple roles in intracellular lipid circulation and metabolism. The N-terminal presequence in the SCP-x isoform represents a peroxisomal 3-ketacyl-Coa thiolase specific for branched-chain acyl CoAs, which is proteolytically cleaved from the sterol carrier protein.
Pssm-ID: 238425 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 45.33 E-value: 8.83e-04
HetN oxidoreductase-like, classical (c) SDR; This subgroup includes Anabaena sp. strain PCC ...
2359-2456
1.01e-03
HetN oxidoreductase-like, classical (c) SDR; This subgroup includes Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 HetN, a putative oxidoreductase involved in heterocyst differentiation, and related proteins. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 212493 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 223 Bit Score: 44.28 E-value: 1.01e-03
Thioester reductase domain of alpha aminoadipate reductase Lys2 and NRPSs [Secondary ...
2359-2446
1.43e-03
Thioester reductase domain of alpha aminoadipate reductase Lys2 and NRPSs [Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism]; Thioester reductase domain of alpha aminoadipate reductase Lys2 and NRPSs is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Lysine biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 442549 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 265 Bit Score: 44.04 E-value: 1.43e-03
NmrA (a transcriptional regulator) and HSCARG (an NADPH sensor) like proteins, atypical (a) ...
2360-2431
1.56e-03
NmrA (a transcriptional regulator) and HSCARG (an NADPH sensor) like proteins, atypical (a) SDRs; NmrA and HSCARG like proteins. NmrA is a negative transcriptional regulator of various fungi, involved in the post-translational modulation of the GATA-type transcription factor AreA. NmrA lacks the canonical GXXGXXG NAD-binding motif and has altered residues at the catalytic triad, including a Met instead of the critical Tyr residue. NmrA may bind nucleotides but appears to lack any dehydrogenase activity. HSCARG has been identified as a putative NADP-sensing molecule, and redistributes and restructures in response to NADPH/NADP ratios. Like NmrA, it lacks most of the active site residues of the SDR family, but has an NAD(P)-binding motif similar to the extended SDR family, GXXGXXG. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Atypical SDRs are distinct from classical SDRs. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. In addition to the Rossmann fold core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
Pssm-ID: 187561 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 242 Bit Score: 43.80 E-value: 1.56e-03
17hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10)-like, classical (c) SDRs; HSD10, also known as ...
5344-5433
1.83e-03
17hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10)-like, classical (c) SDRs; HSD10, also known as amyloid-peptide-binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD), was previously identified as a L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, HADH2. In fatty acid metabolism, HADH2 catalyzes the third step of beta-oxidation, the conversion of a hydroxyl to a keto group in the NAD-dependent oxidation of L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA. In addition to alcohol dehydrogenase and HADH2 activites, HSD10 has steroid dehydrogenase activity. Although the mechanism is unclear, HSD10 is implicated in the formation of amyloid beta-petide in the brain (which is linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease). Although HSD10 is normally concentrated in the mitochondria, in the presence of amyloid beta-peptide it translocates into the plasma membrane, where it's action may generate cytotoxic aldehydes and may lower estrogen levels through its use of 17-beta-estradiol as a substrate. HSD10 is a member of the SRD family, but differs from other SDRs by the presence of two insertions of unknown function. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187629 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 252 Bit Score: 43.82 E-value: 1.83e-03
uncharacterized subgroup of aldehyde reductase and flavonoid reductase related proteins, ...
2360-2447
2.65e-03
uncharacterized subgroup of aldehyde reductase and flavonoid reductase related proteins, extended (e) SDRs; This subgroup contains proteins of unknown function related to aldehyde reductase and flavonoid reductase of the extended SDR-type. Aldehyde reductase I (aka carbonyl reductase) is an NADP-binding SDR; it has an NADP-binding motif consensus that is slightly different from the canonical SDR form and lacks the Asn of the extended SDR active site tetrad. Aldehyde reductase I catalyzes the NADP-dependent reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate to ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate. The related flavonoid reductases act in the NADP-dependent reduction of flavonoids, ketone-containing plant secondary metabolites. Extended SDRs are distinct from classical SDRs. In addition to the Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids. Extended SDRs are a diverse collection of proteins, and include isomerases, epimerases, oxidoreductases, and lyases; they typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Atypical SDRs generally lack the catalytic residues characteristic of the SDRs, and their glycine-rich NAD(P)-binding motif is often different from the forms normally seen in classical or extended SDRs. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
Pssm-ID: 187539 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 318 Bit Score: 43.81 E-value: 2.65e-03
tetrahydroxynaphthalene/trihydroxynaphthalene reductase-like, classical (c) SDRs; 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase (4HNR) of Magnaporthe grisea and the related 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene reductase (3HNR) are typical members of the SDR family containing the canonical glycine rich NAD(P)-binding site and active site tetrad, and function in fungal melanin biosynthesis. This subgroup also includes an SDR from Norway spruce that may function to protect against both biotic and abitoic stress. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187620 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 243 Bit Score: 43.03 E-value: 3.03e-03
putative beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein [ACP]reductase (BKR), subgroup 2, classical (c) SDR; This subgroup includes Rhizobium sp. NGR234 FabG1. The Escherichai coli K12 BKR, FabG, belongs to a different subgroup. BKR catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of ACP in the first reductive step of de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS). FAS consists of four elongation steps, which are repeated to extend the fatty acid chain through the addition of two-carbo units from malonyl acyl-carrier protein (ACP): condensation, reduction, dehydration, and a final reduction. Type II FAS, typical of plants and many bacteria, maintains these activities on discrete polypeptides, while type I FAS utilizes one or two multifunctional polypeptides. BKR resembles enoyl reductase, which catalyzes the second reduction step in FAS. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H)-binding pattern (typically, TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs and TGxxGxxG in extended SDRs), while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, as well as Asn (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.
Pssm-ID: 187607 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 246 Bit Score: 42.83 E-value: 3.57e-03
putative beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein [ACP] reductase (BKR), subgroup 1, classical (c) SDR; This subgroup includes Escherichia coli CFT073 FabG. The Escherichai coli K12 BKR, FabG, belongs to a different subgroup. BKR catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of ACP in the first reductive step of de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS). FAS consists of four elongation steps, which are repeated to extend the fatty acid chain through the addition of two-carbo units from malonyl acyl-carrier protein (ACP): condensation, reduction, dehydration, and a final reduction. Type II FAS, typical of plants and many bacteria, maintains these activities on discrete polypeptides, while type I FAS utilizes one or two multifunctional polypeptides. BKR resembles enoyl reductase, which catalyzes the second reduction step in FAS. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) NAD(P)(H) binding region and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H) binding pattern: TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P) binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P) binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr-151 and Lys-155, and well as Asn-111 (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.
Pssm-ID: 187596 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 255 Bit Score: 42.83 E-value: 4.02e-03
light-dependent protochlorophyllide reductase (LPOR)-like, classical (c)-like SDRs; Classical SDR-like subgroup containing LPOR and related proteins. Protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) reductases act in chlorophyll biosynthesis. There are distinct enzymes that catalyze Pchlide reduction in light or dark conditions. Light-dependent reduction is via an NADP-dependent SDR, LPOR. Proteins in this subfamily share the glycine-rich NAD-binding motif of the classical SDRs, have a partial match to the canonical active site tetrad, but lack the typical active site Ser. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187670 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 311 Bit Score: 42.89 E-value: 4.42e-03
putative D-mannonate oxidoreductase, classical (c) SDR; D-mannonate oxidoreductase catalyzes the NAD-dependent interconversion of D-mannonate and D-fructuronate. This subgroup includes Bacillus subtitils UxuB/YjmF, a putative D-mannonate oxidoreductase; the B. subtilis UxuB gene is part of a putative ten-gene operon (the Yjm operon) involved in hexuronate catabolism. Escherichia coli UxuB does not belong to this subgroup. This subgroup has a canonical active site tetrad and a typical Gly-rich NAD-binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187640 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 271 Bit Score: 42.44 E-value: 5.47e-03
carbonyl reductase sniffer-like, classical (c) SDRs; Sniffer is an NADPH-dependent carbonyl ...
5345-5462
5.75e-03
carbonyl reductase sniffer-like, classical (c) SDRs; Sniffer is an NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase of the classical SDR family. Studies in Drosophila melanogaster implicate Sniffer in the prevention of neurodegeneration due to aging and oxidative-stress. This subgroup also includes Rhodococcus sp. AD45 IsoH, which is an NAD-dependent 1-hydroxy-2-glutathionyl-2-methyl-3-butene dehydrogenase involved in isoprene metabolism, Aspergillus nidulans StcE encoded by a gene which is part of a proposed sterigmatocystin biosynthesis gene cluster, Bacillus circulans SANK 72073 BtrF encoded by a gene found in the butirosin biosynthesis gene cluster, and Aspergillus parasiticus nor-1 involved in the biosynthesis of aflatoxins. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187586 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 233 Bit Score: 41.90 E-value: 5.75e-03
Thioester reductase domain of alpha aminoadipate reductase Lys2 and NRPSs [Secondary ...
5343-5432
6.19e-03
Thioester reductase domain of alpha aminoadipate reductase Lys2 and NRPSs [Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism]; Thioester reductase domain of alpha aminoadipate reductase Lys2 and NRPSs is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Lysine biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 442549 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 265 Bit Score: 42.12 E-value: 6.19e-03
11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1)-like, classical (c) SDRs; Human ...
5344-5409
6.43e-03
11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1)-like, classical (c) SDRs; Human 11beta_HSD1 catalyzes the NADP(H)-dependent interconversion of cortisone and cortisol. This subgroup also includes human dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 7C (DHRS7C) and DHRS7B. These proteins have the GxxxGxG nucleotide binding motif and S-Y-K catalytic triad characteristic of the SDRs, but have an atypical C-terminal domain that contributes to homodimerization contacts. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187593 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 257 Bit Score: 42.19 E-value: 6.43e-03
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 6; These proteins are members of the classical SDR family, with a ...
5345-5490
6.48e-03
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 6; These proteins are members of the classical SDR family, with a canonical active site tetrad and a fairly well conserved typical Gly-rich NAD-binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H)-binding pattern (typically, TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs and TGxxGxxG in extended SDRs), while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, as well as Asn (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.
Pssm-ID: 187608 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 239 Bit Score: 41.93 E-value: 6.48e-03
Pancreatic lipase-like enzymes. Lipases are esterases that can hydrolyze long-chain ...
3301-3352
7.33e-03
Pancreatic lipase-like enzymes. Lipases are esterases that can hydrolyze long-chain acyl-triglycerides into di- and monoglycerides, glycerol, and free fatty acids at a water/lipid interface. A typical feature of lipases is "interfacial activation," the process of becoming active at the lipid/water interface, although several examples of lipases have been identified that do not undergo interfacial activation . The active site of a lipase contains a catalytic triad consisting of Ser - His - Asp/Glu, but unlike most serine proteases, the active site is buried inside the structure. A "lid" or "flap" covers the active site, making it inaccessible to solvent and substrates. The lid opens during the process of interfacial activation, allowing the lipid substrate access to the active site.
Pssm-ID: 238363 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 275 Bit Score: 41.85 E-value: 7.33e-03
3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR) and related proteins, classical (c) SDR; These ...
2359-2495
7.35e-03
3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR) and related proteins, classical (c) SDR; These proteins include members identified as KDSR, ribitol type dehydrogenase, and others. The group shows strong conservation of the active site tetrad and glycine rich NAD-binding motif of the classical SDRs. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187643 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 239 Bit Score: 41.85 E-value: 7.35e-03
Polysaccharide biosynthesis protein; This is a family of diverse bacterial polysaccharide ...
2360-2442
7.64e-03
Polysaccharide biosynthesis protein; This is a family of diverse bacterial polysaccharide biosynthesis proteins including the CapD protein, WalL protein mannosyl-transferase and several putative epimerases (e.g. WbiI).
Pssm-ID: 426938 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 284 Bit Score: 42.12 E-value: 7.64e-03
Thiolase domain associated with sterol carrier protein (SCP)-x isoform and related proteins; ...
4380-4449
7.74e-03
Thiolase domain associated with sterol carrier protein (SCP)-x isoform and related proteins; SCP-2 has multiple roles in intracellular lipid circulation and metabolism. The N-terminal presequence in the SCP-x isoform represents a peroxisomal 3-ketacyl-Coa thiolase specific for branched-chain acyl CoAs, which is proteolytically cleaved from the sterol carrier protein.
Pssm-ID: 238425 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 42.25 E-value: 7.74e-03
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 3; These proteins are members of the classical SDR family, with a ...
5343-5433
7.98e-03
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 3; These proteins are members of the classical SDR family, with a canonical active site triad (and also active site Asn) and a typical Gly-rich NAD-binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H)-binding pattern (typically, TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs and TGxxGxxG in extended SDRs), while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, as well as Asn (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.
Pssm-ID: 187618 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 233 Bit Score: 41.60 E-value: 7.98e-03
NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family [Lipid transport and ...
3869-4028
8.25e-03
NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family [Lipid transport and metabolism]; NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440651 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 249 Bit Score: 41.69 E-value: 8.25e-03
Polyketide synthase dimerization element domain; This is the dimerization element domain found ...
5090-5114
8.34e-03
Polyketide synthase dimerization element domain; This is the dimerization element domain found in bacterial modular polyketide synthase ketoreductases. The dimerization element (DE) domain is N-terminal to the KR domain pfam08659. DE domain is necessary for KR function, presumably because the dimeric DE orients the KR domains for optimal activity within a module.
Pssm-ID: 436444 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 45 Bit Score: 37.20 E-value: 8.34e-03
uncharacterized subgroup of aldehyde reductase and flavonoid reductase related proteins, ...
5345-5435
8.68e-03
uncharacterized subgroup of aldehyde reductase and flavonoid reductase related proteins, extended (e) SDRs; This subgroup contains proteins of unknown function related to aldehyde reductase and flavonoid reductase of the extended SDR-type. Aldehyde reductase I (aka carbonyl reductase) is an NADP-binding SDR; it has an NADP-binding motif consensus that is slightly different from the canonical SDR form and lacks the Asn of the extended SDR active site tetrad. Aldehyde reductase I catalyzes the NADP-dependent reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate to ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate. The related flavonoid reductases act in the NADP-dependent reduction of flavonoids, ketone-containing plant secondary metabolites. Extended SDRs are distinct from classical SDRs. In addition to the Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids. Extended SDRs are a diverse collection of proteins, and include isomerases, epimerases, oxidoreductases, and lyases; they typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Atypical SDRs generally lack the catalytic residues characteristic of the SDRs, and their glycine-rich NAD(P)-binding motif is often different from the forms normally seen in classical or extended SDRs. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
Pssm-ID: 187539 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 318 Bit Score: 41.89 E-value: 8.68e-03
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
of the residues that compose this conserved feature have been mapped to the query sequence.
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